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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

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FORM 10-K

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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

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For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

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Commission file number: 001-35994

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Scorpius Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(919) 240-7133

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ◻  No þ

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻  No þ

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Indicate by check mark whether the issuer: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ  No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ  No ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standard provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☐

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

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As of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $16,554,383 (based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock reported on that date). This calculation excludes shares held by the registrant’s current directors and executive officers and stockholders that the registrant has concluded are affiliates of the registrant.

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As of April 26, 2024, the issuer had 36,031,964 shares of common stock outstanding.

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Documents incorporated by reference: None.

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SCORPIUS HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” but are also contained elsewhere in this Annual Report and in some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” and similar expressions. These statements are based on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed, projected or implied in or by the forward-looking statements.

You should refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “NightHawk,” and “Scorpius” refer to Scorpius Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Summary of Risk Factors

Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties of which investors should be aware before making a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks are realized, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The following is a summary of the more significant risks relating to the Company. A more detailed description of our risk factors is set forth below under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in Part I of this Annual Report.

Risks Relating to Financial Position and Capital Requirements

Risks Relating to Our Company

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Risks Relating to Regulatory Approval and Commercialization

Intellectual Property Risk Factors

General Risk Factors

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Item 1.       Business

We are a contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) that provides a comprehensive range of biologics manufacturing services from process development to Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“CGMP”) clinical and commercial manufacturing of biologics for the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries. Scorpius pairs CGMP biomanufacturing and quality control expertise with cutting edge capabilities in immunoassays, molecular assays, and bioanalytical methods to support the production of cell- and gene-based therapies as well as large molecule biologics. Our services include clinical and commercial drug substance manufacturing, release and stability testing and variety of process development services, including upstream and downstream development and optimization, analytical method development, as well as cell line development, testing and characterization. Our San Antonio, TX facility commenced operations in September 2022.

During the past year, our priorities had shifted to biomanufacturing capabilities resulting in a refocusing of our resources and efforts towards biomanufacturing and away from our clinical-stage oncology assets including HS-110 and PTX-35, and biodefense efforts. We also intend to continue minimal discovery efforts of our subsidiary, Skunkworx, if we have sufficient resources.

Recent Developments

Sales Agreement

On December 8, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “2023 ATM Sales Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Sales Agent” or “A.G.P.”) providing for the sale by us of shares of our common stock, from time to time, through or to A.G.P., as sales agent or principal, with certain limitations on the amount of common stock that may be offered and sold by us as set forth in the Sales Agreement (the “Offering”). Prior to entering into the Sales Agreement with A.G.P., effective December 8, 2023, we terminated the Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated August 24, 2020, by and among us, B. Riley Securities, Inc. (“B. Riley”) and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”), as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto, dated December 10, 2020 (the “2020 ATM Sales Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to offer and sell, from time to time, at our option, shares of common Stock through B. Riley and/or Cantor in an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act. Under the 2023 ATM Sales Agreement, we issued and sold an aggregate of 137,571 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $0.05 million in December 2023. We issued and sold an aggregate of 19,500 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $0.01 million in January 2024. Under the 2020 ATM Sales Agreement, for the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued and sold an aggregate of 2,106,027 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $25.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we did not issue any shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Sales Agreement. There were no penalties associated with the termination of the 2020 ATM Sales Agreement. Due to the late filing of this Annual Report, until May 2025 we will not be eligible to make sales of shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Sales Agreement.

Patent Rights Agreement

On January 29, 2024, we entered into a Patent Rights Sale and Assignment Agreement with Kopfkino IP, LLC (“Patent Agreement”). Pursuant to the Patent Agreement, in exchange for $1,000,000, we assigned our right, title and interest in and under the exclusive license agreement it entered into with Shattuck Labs, Inc. (“Shattuck”) in 2016, including our rights to certain provisional patent applications and know-how related to fusion proteins to treat cancer and other diseases that were not being developed by us.

Convertible Note

On January 26, 2024 in accordance with the terms of that certain Asset and Equity Interests Purchase Agreement, dated December 11, 2023, with Elusys Holdings, Inc. (“Elusys Holdings”), described in more detail below in the section entitled

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“The Divestiture of Elusys Therapeutics, Inc.” in this Item 1, Elusys Holdings purchased from us a convertible promissory note in the aggregate amount of $2,250,000 (the “Note”), the conversion of which is subject to both Elusys’ Holdings election and obtaining stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of our common stock upon such conversion. The Note bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, matures on the one-year anniversary of its issuance and converts into shares of our common stock at the option of Elusys only if stockholder approval of the issuance of such shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Note is obtained prior to the maturity date. The conversion price is $0.39109, which is equal to 110% of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of our common stock for the seven trading days prior to December 11, 2023. Based upon such conversion price Elusys Holdings would be issued 5,810,740 shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Note.

Certificate of Amendment

On February 5, 2024, we filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect, as of February 6, 2024, a change of our name to Scorpius Holdings, Inc. (the “Name Change”). In connection with the Name Change, our common stock began trading on the NYSE American LLC under the new ticker symbol “SCPX,” effective as of the opening of trading hours on February 6, 2024.

OUR BIOMANUFACTURING, PROCESS DEVELOPMENT, AND BIOMANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES: SCORPIUS BIOMANUFACTURING, INC.

Manufacturing

Scorpius (formerly known as Scorpion Biological Services, Inc.) provides process development and biomanufacturing services to support the biomanufacturing needs of its customers. Scorpius couples CGMP biomanufacturing and quality control expertise with cutting edge capabilities in immunoassays, molecular assays, and bioanalytical methods to support cell- and gene-based therapies as well as large molecule biologics using American-made equipment, reagents, and materials. We anticipate the prioritization of Scorpius on American-made equipment, reagents, and materials paired with domestic sourcing of biomanufacturing expertise will make us competitive for U.S. government contracts and biodefense assets. We anticipate this will successfully support our expansion within the growing CDMO market.

We commenced operations of the leased San Antonio facility in September 2022.

We intend to meet our financing needs for the operations of the facility through multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, cash on hand, grant funding and incentives, additional equity financings, debt financings, equipment sale leaseback, and/or funding from partnerships or collaborations, and potential revenue, if any, from our planned development and manufacturing facility.

We plan to manufacture CGMP pharmaceutical-grade products for our customers in our San Antonio facility. Scorpius has multiple biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and university customers from which it has generated revenue to date. The deposits from these customers are in deferred revenue and will be converted to revenue once we meet our performance obligations for these contracts. The process for manufacturing generally uses commercially available raw materials from multiple suppliers, and in some instances, from a single source supplier. We rely on third parties to supply most of the necessary raw materials and supplies for the products we manufacture on behalf of our customers and our inability to obtain such raw materials or supplies may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business” for additional discussion of raw materials supplied by third party vendors for the products we manufacture for our customers.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that we are well positioned to address the market for biopharmaceutical manufacturing derived from mammalian and microbial cell culture, due to the following factors:

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Our Growth Strategy

We believe we have a significant opportunity to continue to drive organic growth by leveraging our strengths, broadening our capabilities, increasing our capacity and improving our market visibility through the following strategies:

The key elements of our strategy are:

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The Divestiture of Elusys Therapeutics, Inc.

On December 27, 2023, pursuant to that certain Asset and Equity Interests Purchase Agreement, dated December 11, 2023 (the “Agreement”), that we entered into with Elusys Holdings, Inc. (“Elusys Holdings”), a company controlled by our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Jeffrey Wolf, we completed the sale to Elusys Holdings of: (i) all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Elusys Therapeutics, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary (“Elusys Therapeutics”), and (ii) the exclusive right to use the name “NightHawk” and ownership of any and all trademark, goodwill and other rights in connection with such name, which right and ownership will commence at a later date to be agreed upon by the parties (collectively, the “Purchased Assets”) (such transaction, the “Divestiture Transaction”).

Pursuant to the Agreement, at the December 27, 2023 closing of the Divestiture Transaction (the “Divestiture Closing”), Elusys Holdings assumed certain specified liabilities and manufacturing commitments relating to Elusys Therapeutics’ business, which at the time of the Divestiture were estimated at $51.4 million. The assumed liabilities and manufacturing commitments include all amounts owed to the former owners of Elusys Therapeutics under that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among us, Heat Acquisition Sub 1, Inc., Elusys Therapeutics and Fortis Advisors LLC, in its capacity as “Stockholders’ Representative,” which provides that we will remain liable if Elusys Holdings fails to satisfy its obligations to pay merger consideration under the Merger Agreement. In addition, from and after the Divestiture Closing, Elusys Holdings assumed all operating costs of Elusys Therapeutics, including the costs incurred after the closing related to Elusys Therapeutics employees, consultants, and regulatory and research costs. Mr. Wolf and William Ostrander, our Chief Financial Officer, will continue to serve in their current positions with us and also continue to serve as the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of Elusys Holdings.

Pursuant to the Agreement, Elusys Holdings was obligated to pay us $500,000 on December 11, 2023, which payment was timely completed. Elusys Holdings  is further obligated to pay to us on an annual basis a royalty fee equal to 3% of gross revenue received by Elusys Holdings or any of its affiliates or their respective successors or licensees from all sales of the anthrax antitoxin known as ANTHIM® during the period commencing on January 1, 2024 and ending on June 30, 2031; provided that, if as of December 31, 2028, we have not received an aggregate of $5,000,000 in such royalty fees, Elusys Holdings  will be obligated to pay to us  no later than March 1, 2029 a cash payment equal to the difference between the aggregate amount of such royalty fees received by us  and $5,000,000. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of this contingent earn-out receivable, related party is $1.7 million. The fair value calculation used a discounted cash flow analysis over a period of five years (through December 31, 2028) that utilized a discount rate of 15.0%, risk-free rates ranging between 4.2% and 5.4%. The contingent earn out royalty payments were based on five year probability, adjusted revenue projections with probability rates between 85% and 97.5%.

Elusys Holdings also, as a post-closing covenant, on January 26, 2024 purchased from us a convertible promissory note in the aggregate amount of $2,250,000 (the “Note”), the conversion of which is subject to both Elusys Holdings’ election and obtaining stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of our common stock upon such conversion. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of this contingent consideration receivable, related party is $0.3 million. The Note bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, mature on the one-year anniversary of its issuance and convert into shares of our common stock at the option of Elusys Holdings only if stockholder approval of the issuance of such shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Note is obtained prior to the maturity date. The conversion price is equal to $0.39109 (which was 110% of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of our common stock for the seven trading days prior to December 11, 2023). Based upon a conversion price of $0.39109, which is 110% of the VWAP of our common stock for the seven trading days prior to December 11, 2023, upon conversion of the Note (exclusive of interest), Elusys Holdings would be issued 5,810,740 shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Note.

We had acquired Elusys Therapeutics in April 2022 (the “Merger Closing Date”), when we consummated the transaction contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) with our wholly owned subsidiary (“Merger Sub”), Elusys Therapeutics and Fortis Advisors LLC with Elusys Therapeutics continuing as the surviving entity as our wholly owned subsidiary. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, as merger consideration  we paid at the closing a cash upfront payment of $3,000,000 to certain of the equity holders of Elusys Therapeutics (the “Sellers”) and assumed and contributed $867,646 to the payment of 50% of certain Elusys lease termination and employee severance payments. We also paid to the Sellers (i) $2,000,000 and (ii) agreed to pay earn out payments for a period of 12 years from the Closing Date equal to 10% of the gross dollar amount of payments received during each one year period during such

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twelve year period with respect to any sale, license or commercialization anywhere in the world of ANTHIM® that either: (a) occurs during the first nine years after the Merger Closing Date in any respect; or (b) occurs thereafter pursuant to any contract, agreement, commitment or order that is placed, granted, awarded or entered into during the first nine years after the Closing Date. We will remain liable for the royalty payments if Elusys Holdings fails to satisfy the obligations it assumed in the Divestiture Transaction. In addition, Elusys Therapeutics shareholders’ received an additional payment of approximately $6.6 million, net from the fulfillment of an existing U.S. Government contract which we agreed to fulfill the future obligations of Elusys under such contract and pass through and distribute to the Sellers the revenue that is received under such contract minus the costs associated with such fulfillment obligations, subject to certain adjustments to the Merger Consideration specified in the Merger Agreement, including income taxes payable with respect to such payments. We also paid an additional $4.2 million to the Sellers pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement which further provided that eighty percent of any amounts paid to and received by Elusys Therapeutics after the Merger Closing Date and prior to June 30, 2023 with respect to the sale of 1,500 pre-filled vials of ANTHIM® shall be paid to the Sellers, subject to certain adjustments specified in the Merger Agreement. We also agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain, finance, operate and promote ANTHIM® and maintain the existing government contract and to continue to operate the Elusys business so as to allow the Sellers to receive the Merger Consideration.

Shared Services Agreement

In connection with the Divestiture Transaction, we entered into a shared services agreement (the “Shared Services Agreement”) with the Buyer setting forth the terms on which we will provide to Buyer, on a transitional basis, certain services or functions that it has historically provided to Elusys. Shared services will include various administrative, accounting, billing, cash management and banking and budgeting services and other support services. In consideration for such services, the Buyer will pay fees to us for the services provided, and those fees will generally be in amounts intended to allow us to recover all of its direct and indirect costs incurred in providing those services. We will charge the Buyer a fee for services performed by (i) our employees which shall be a percentage of each employee’s base salary based upon an allocation of their business time spent providing such services and (ii) third parties, the fees charged by such third parties. Buyer will also pay us for general and administrative expenses incurred by us attributable to both the operation of the Buyer and us (other than the provision of the services performed by us employees) and the provision of the shared services.

License Agreement with Shattuck Labs

In June 2016, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Shattuck Labs, Inc. (“Shattuck”) pursuant to which we licensed to Shattuck certain provisional patent applications and know-how related to fusion proteins to treat cancer and other diseases that were not being developed by us. Shattuck paid us an initial license fee of $50,000 and was obligated to pay us fees upon its receipt of sublicensing income, achievement of certain milestones and royalties upon sales of commercial products. The technology that was out-licensed to Shattuck is in the early stages of development and there is a low likelihood of success for any technology at such stage, and there can be no assurance that any products will be developed by Shattuck or that we will derive any revenue from Shattuck. In February 2023, we were notified by Shattuck that a milestone was met and we received an additional $100,000 in milestone payments. In January, 2024, we entered into a Patent Rights Sale and Assignment Agreement with Kopfkino IP, LLC (“Patent Agreement”) pursuant to which we assigned all of our rights, title, and interest pursuant to the license for consideration of $1,000,000, which was received in January 2024.

Contract Development Biomanufacturing Organization (CDMO) Competition

We formed Scorpius Biomanufacturing to develop bioanalytic, process development, and biomanufacturing capabilities to third parties as a fee-for-service CDMO model. Scorpius is focused on cell- and gene-based therapies as well as large molecule biologics and provides a broad array of services prioritizing American-made equipment, reagents, and materials when possible. Scorpius Biomanufacturing pairs CGMP biomanufacturing and quality control expertise with cutting edge capabilities in immunoassays, molecular assays, and bioanalytical methods to support the advancement of clinical and commercial programs.

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We anticipate competing with established biomanufacturers including Lonza Group, WuXi AppTec, Avid Bioservices, and Catalent. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a critical shortage in U.S. biomanufacturing capacity. Historically, therapies could often take ~10 years to commercialize. However, with the implementation of Emergency Use Authorization, complex, effective vaccines can now advance through pipelines at record speed, contributing to new expectations for time to market, cost reduction, regulatory compliance, and good manufacturing performance. Considering the global cell and gene therapy clinical trials market size was valued at $9.2 billion in 2020 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.3% from 2021 to 2028 per Grand View Research, we anticipate that a shortage of industry capacity may minimize the risk of direct competition. Additionally, we anticipate Scorpius Biomanufacturing’s prioritization of American-made equipment, reagents, and materials paired with domestic sourcing of biomanufacturing expertise will make the organization competitive for U.S. government contracts and biodefense assets. Scorpius Biomanufacturing is focused on manufacturing cell- and gene-based therapies and large molecule biologics.

Intellectual Property

We do not currently own any patents and do not have any patent applications pending in the United States or any foreign countries. However, we have acquired and developed and continue to acquire and develop knowledge and expertise (“know-how”) and trade secrets in the provision of process development and manufacturing services. Our know-how and trade secrets may not be patentable, but they are valuable in that they enhance our ability to provide high-quality services to our customers. We typically place restrictions in our agreements with third-parties, which contractually restrict their right to use and disclose any of our proprietary technology with which they may be involved. In addition, we have internal non-disclosure safeguards, including confidentiality agreements, with our employees.

We also own trademarks to protect the names of our services. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as the trademark is used, and in other countries, as long as the trademark is registered. Trademark registration is for fixed terms and can be renewed indefinitely.

Government Regulation

CDMO Regulatory Approval

We are required to comply with the regulatory requirements of various local, state, national and international regulatory bodies having jurisdiction in the countries or localities where we manufacture products or where our customers’ products are distributed. In particular, we are subject to laws and regulations concerning research and development, testing, manufacturing processes, equipment and facilities, including compliance with CGMPs, labeling and distribution, import and export, and product registration and listing. As a result, our facilities are subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), as well as regulatory bodies of other jurisdictions where our customers have marketing approval for their products. Scorpius is subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with CGMP and other laws. Accordingly, Scorpius must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain CGMP compliance. Discovery of problems with a product after approval may result in restrictions on a product, manufacturer, or holder of an approved Biologics License Application (“BLA”), including, among other things, recall or withdrawal of the product from the market. In addition, changes to the manufacturing process are strictly regulated, and depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. Other types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications and claims, are also subject to further FDA review and approval.

We are also required to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as discussed in “Environmental and Safety Matters” below. These regulatory requirements impact many aspects of our operations, including manufacturing, developing, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, import and export and record keeping related to customers’ products. Noncompliance with any applicable regulatory requirements can result in government refusal to approve facilities for manufacturing products or products for commercialization.

Our customers’ products must undergo pre-clinical and clinical evaluations relating to product safety and efficacy before they are approved as commercial therapeutic products. The regulatory authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products may delay or put on hold clinical trials, delay approval of a product or determine that the product is not approvable. The FDA or other regulatory agencies can delay approval of a drug if our

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manufacturing facilities are not able to demonstrate compliance with CGMPs, pass other aspects of pre-approval inspections (i.e., compliance with filed submissions) or properly scale up to produce commercial supplies. The FDA and comparable government authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products have the authority to withdraw product approval or suspend manufacture if there are significant problems with raw materials or supplies, quality control and assurance or the product is deemed adulterated or misbranded. If new legislation or regulations are enacted or existing legislation or regulations are amended or are interpreted or enforced differently, we may be required to obtain additional approvals or operate according to different manufacturing or operating standards or pay additional fees. This may require a change in our manufacturing techniques or additional capital investments in our facilities.

The costs associated with complying with the current and future various applicable local, state, national and international regulations could be significant and the failure to comply with such legal requirements could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business” for additional discussion of the costs associated with complying with the various regulations.

Environmental and Safety Matters

Certain products manufactured by us involve the use, storage and transportation of toxic and hazardous materials. Our operations are subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to the storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of materials into the environment and the maintenance of safe working conditions. We maintain environmental and industrial safety and health compliance programs and training at our facilities.

Prevailing legislation tends to hold companies primarily responsible for the proper disposal of their waste even after transfer to third party waste disposal facilities. Other future developments, such as increasingly strict environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and enforcement policies, could result in substantial costs and liabilities to us and could subject the handling, manufacture, use, reuse or disposal of substances or pollutants at our facilities to more rigorous scrutiny than at present.

Customers

Revenues have historically been derived from a small customer base. Although we continue to expand our customer base, we remain dependent on a limited number of customers for a substantial majority of our revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s major customers were as follows:

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The loss of, or significant reduction of business from, any of our primary customers will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations unless we replace such customers with other primary customers. Refer to Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional financial information regarding our customer concentration.

Seasonality

Our business is not subject to seasonality. However, the timing of customer orders, the scale, scope, mix, and the duration of our fulfillment of such customer orders can result in variability in our periodic revenues.

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Backlog

Our backlog represents, as of a point in time, expected future revenue from work not yet completed under signed contracts. As of December 31, 2023, our backlog was approximately $10.4 million, a 156% increase as compared to approximately $4.0 million as of December 31, 2022. While we anticipate a significant amount of our backlog will be recognized over the next year, our backlog is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to: the risk that a customer timely cancels its commitments prior to our initiation of services, in which case we may be required to refund some or all of the amounts paid to us in advance under those canceled commitments; the risk that a customer may experience delays in its program(s) or otherwise, which could result in the postponement of anticipated services; the risk that we may not successfully execute on all customer projects; and the risk that commencement of customer projects may be postponed due to supply chain delays, any of which could have a negative impact on our liquidity, reported backlog and future revenues and profitability.

Our Corporate Background and Information

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on June 10, 2008. On February 5, 2024, we filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect, as of February 6, 2024, a change of our name to Scorpius Holdings, Inc. (the “Name Change”). In connection with the Name Change, our common stock began trading on the NYSE American LLC under the new ticker symbol “SCPX,” effective as of the opening of trading hours on February 6, 2024.

Our principal offices are located at 627 Davis Drive, Suite 300, Morrisville NC 27560. Our website address is www.scorpiusbiologics.com. The information contained in, and that can be accessed through our website, is not incorporated into and is not a part of this report. We make available on our website our Annual Reports on Form 10 K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10 Q and Current Reports on Form 8 K as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The following Corporate Governance documents are also posted on our website: Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Charters for the following Committees of the Board of Directors: Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating Committee. Our phone number is (919) 240-7133 and our facsimile number is (919) 869-2128. Our filings may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Room 1580 Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

References to Scorpius Holdings, Inc. also include references to our subsidiaries Pelican Therapeutics, Inc. (“Pelican”), Heat Biologics I, Inc. (“Heat I”), Heat Biologics III, Inc. (“Heat III”), Heat Biologics IV, Inc. (“Heat IV”), Heat Biologics GmbH, Heat Biologics Australia Pty Ltd., Zolovax, Inc., Skunkworx Bio, Inc. (formerly known as Delphi Therapeutics, Inc.), Scorpius Biomanufacturing, Inc. (formerly Scorpion Biological Services, Inc), Blackhawk Bio, Inc., Abacus Biotech, Inc., and Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. (“Elusys Therapeutics”) unless otherwise indicated. On May 30, 2012, we formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Heat Biologics III, Inc. and Heat Biologics IV, Inc. We formed Heat Biologics GmbH (Heat GmbH), a wholly-owned limited liability company, organized in Germany on September 11, 2012 and Heat Biologics Australia Pty LTD, a wholly-owned company, registered in Australia on March 14, 2014. On October 25, 2016, we formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Zolovax, Inc., to focus on the development of gp96 based vaccines targeting Zika, HIV, West Nile, dengue, yellow fever, and SARS-CoV-2. In June 2012, we divested our 92.5% interest in Pelican (formerly known as Heat Biologics II, Inc.). On April 28, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an 80% controlling interest in Pelican, a related party prior to acquisition. In October 2018, we entered into an agreement with UM whereby UM exchanged its shares of stock in Heat’s subsidiaries, Heat I and Pelican, resulting in us owning 100% of Heat I and increasing our controlling ownership in Pelican from 80% to 85%. We assigned our proprietary rights related to the development and application of our ImPACT® therapy platform to Heat Biologics I, Inc. In November 2018, we formed Skunkworx (formerly known as Delphi Therapeutics, Inc.) which uses a unique and proprietary platform to generate new biological entities that we may rapidly advance into clinical development. Also, in November 2018, we formed Scorpius Biomanufacturing, Inc. (“Scorpius”) (formerly known as Scorpion Biological Services, Inc.), to focus on developing bioanalytic, process development and manufacturing capability to service our in-house requirements as well as potentially

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those of others. In February 2021, we formed Abacus Biotech, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary to pursue additional opportunities related to our business. In April 2022, we acquired Elusys Therapeutics to focus on commercializing ANTHIM® and developing additional biodefense product candidates. In January 2023, we terminated all license agreements with UM after deciding to de-prioritize research and development efforts. In December 2023, we sold Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. to Elusys Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation controlled by the Company’s Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Jeffrey Wolf.

We are a “smaller reporting company”, as defined in Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will cease to be a smaller reporting company if we have (i) more than $250 million in market value of our shares held by non-affiliates as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (ii) more than $100 million of annual revenues in our most recent fiscal year completed before the last business day of our second fiscal quarter and a market value of our shares held by non-affiliates more than $700 million as of the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

Human Capital

We believe that our success depends upon our ability to attract, develop, retain and motivate key personnel. Our management and scientific teams possess considerable experience in drug discovery, research and development, manufacturing, clinical and regulatory affairs and believe we directly benefit from this experience and industry knowledge.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of eighty-four (84) employees, eighty-two (82) full-time and two (2) part-time. Of the total, fifty-six (56) were in CDMO operations, six (6) were in Sales and Marketing, nineteen (19) were in General and Administrative, and three (3) were in Research and Development. All of our employees are based in the United States, with sixty-five (65) in San Antonio, TX and nineteen (19) in various other states. We consider our relationships with our employees to be good. None of our employees is represented by a labor union. We anticipate that we will need to identify, attract, train and retain other highly skilled personnel to pursue our CDMO strategy. Hiring for such personnel is competitive, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our key employees or attract, assimilate or retain the qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business.

Although, management continually seeks to add additional talent to its work force, management believes that it has sufficient human capital to operate its business successfully.

Our compensation programs are designed to align the compensation of our employees with our performance and to provide the proper incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees to achieve superior results. The structure of our compensation programs balances incentive earnings for both short-term and long-term performance. Specifically:

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Available Information

This Annual Report, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and our proxy statements, and all amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the SEC are available, free of charge, through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report.

Item 1A.       Risk Factors

Investors should carefully consider the risks described below before deciding whether to invest in our securities. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements made throughout this Annual Report a result of different factors, including the risks we face described below.

Risks Relating to our Financial Position and Capital Requirements

To date, we have not generated significant revenue and we do not anticipate generating significant revenue in the near future.

To date, we have not generated significant revenue from our business and substantially all of our revenue has been revenue from lines of business in which we are no longer engaged. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a net loss of approximately $46.8 million and our revenue was primarily derived from one order of ANTHIM®, and prior to that our revenue was primarily derived from grant revenue that Pelican has received from CPRIT and a small amount of revenue from a research funding agreement. We do not anticipate generating any significant revenue from the provision of CDMO services for several years as we are a new entrant into that line of business. Even if we generate revenue from the provision of services, which is not anticipated for several years, if at all, there can be no assurance that we will be profitable. In addition, we have entered into a new line of business, the provision of contract development and manufacturing services and no assurance can be given that we will be able to generate significant revenue as a contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) or that we will be able to consummate our business strategy and plans. Financial, technological, market, or other limitations may force us to modify, alter, significantly delay, or significantly impede the implementation of such plans. The operation of the manufacturing facility required us to incur significant expenses before we realize any revenue from such facility. We have insufficient results for investors to use to identify historical trends. Investors should consider our prospects in light of the risk, expenses and difficulties we will encounter as an early-stage company. Our revenue and income potential is unproven and our business model is continually evolving. We are subject to the risks inherent to the operation of a new business enterprise and cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully address these risks.

We need to raise additional capital to support our long-term business plans and our failure to obtain funding when needed may force us to delay, reduce or eliminate our development programs or commercialization efforts.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, our operating activities used net cash of approximately $31.5 million and as of December 31, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were approximately $2.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, our operating activities used net cash of approximately $5.7 million and as of December 31, 2022 our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were approximately $44.3 million. We have experienced significant losses since inception and have a significant accumulated deficit. As of December 31, 2023, our accumulated deficit totaled $254.4 million and as of December 31, 2022, our accumulated deficit totaled $209.2 million on a consolidated basis. We expect to incur additional operating losses in the future and therefore expect our cumulative

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losses to increase. We do not expect to derive significant revenue from our CDMO services until we expand our customer base. In addition, we expect our expenses to increase due to the operation of the manufacturing facility in San Antonio.

Our current cash is anticipated to be sufficient to fund operations only through late May, 2024. We need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and we cannot be certain that funding will be available to us on acceptable terms on a timely basis, or at all. To meet our financing needs, we are considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional equity financings, which we expect will include sales of common stock, debt financings, equipment sale leasebacks, and/or funding from partnerships or collaborations. Our ability to raise capital through the sale of securities may be limited by our inability to utilize a registration statement on Form S-3 to raise capital due to the late filing of this Annual Report and various rules of the NYSE American that place limits on the number and dollar amount of securities that we may sell. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact our ability to conduct our business. If we fail to raise additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to continue to maintain our listing on the NYSE American. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we have to restructure the company including a work force reduction, or initiate steps to cease operations or liquidate our assets.

We have a limited operating history in our current lines of business.

In 2022, we entered into a new line of business, the provision of contract development and manufacturing services and no assurance can be given that we will be able to generate significant revenue as a CDMO or that we will be able to consummate our business strategy and plans. Financial, technological, market, or other limitations may force us to modify, alter, significantly delay, or significantly impede the implementation of such plans. The operation of the manufacturing facility required us to incur significant expenses before we realize any revenue from such facility. We have insufficient results for investors to use to identify historical trends. Investors should consider our prospects in light of the risk, expenses and difficulties we will encounter as an early-stage company. Our revenue and income potential is unproven and our business model is continually evolving. We are subject to the risks inherent to the operation of a new business enterprise and cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully address these risks.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern.

We have an accumulated deficit of $254.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and a net loss of approximately $46.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and have not generated significant revenue or positive cash flows from operations. We expect to incur significant expenses and continued losses from operations for the foreseeable future. We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we ramp up operations in our in-house bioanalytic, process development and manufacturing facility in San Antonio, TX. Our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 were prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern; however, we have incurred significant losses from operations to date and we expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the financial statements are issued. Our auditors also included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 with respect to this uncertainty.  There can be no assurance that funding will be available on acceptable terms on a timely basis, or at all. The various ways that we could raise capital carry potential risks. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on our stockholders. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact our ability to conduct our business. If we raise funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or tests or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we do not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms or at all, we may be unable to develop any new product candidates that we acquire. As such, we cannot conclude that such plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements included in this Annual Report are filed with the SEC and there is uncertainty regarding our ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate our business effectively, which raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

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We have incurred net losses every year since our inception and expect to continue to incur increased expenses and generate operating losses and experience negative cash flows and it is uncertain whether we will achieve profitability.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred a net loss of $46.8 million and $43.9 million, respectively. We have an accumulated deficit of $254.4 million through December 31, 2023. We expect to continue to incur operating losses until such time, if ever, as we are able to achieve sufficient levels of revenue from operations. As stated above, we do not anticipate generating significant revenue from sales of our products for several years or from our manufacturing facility until such time as it is fully operational and operating at full capacity. Our ability to achieve profitability will depend on us successfully as a CDMO and market acceptance of our services and our capacity to develop, introduce and sell our services to our targeted markets. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we generate sufficient revenue from manufacturing services to support the expenses anticipated to be incurred by the manufacturing facility. Accordingly, the extent of future losses and the time required to achieve profitability, if ever, cannot be predicted at this point.

Even if we succeed in generating revenue as a CDMO, we expect to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. We also expect to continue to incur significant operating expenses and anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we:

We also expect to experience negative cash flows for the foreseeable future as we fund our operating losses. As a result, we will need to generate significant revenues or raise additional financing in order to achieve and maintain profitability. We may not be able to generate these revenues or achieve profitability in the future. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability would likely negatively impact the value of our securities and financing activities. If we do not raise capital or successfully engage a stragtegic partner in the near term, we may be required to delay, reduce, or terminate some or all of our operations, sell some of our assets, cease operations, liquidate our assets or reorganize the Company, or a combination of the foregoing.

We face risks related to the restatement of our previously issued financial statements for the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022.

As previously disclosed, we reached a determination to restate our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in  the quarterly reporting periods during fiscal year 2022, consisting of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 and that such interim financial statements should no longer be relied upon. As a result, we have incurred unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with or related to the restatement, and have become subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties, which may affect investor confidence in the accuracy of our financial disclosures and may raise reputational issues for our business. we expect to continue to face many of the risks and challenges related to the restatement, including the following:

We cannot assure that all of the risks and challenges described above will be eliminated and that lost business opportunities can be recaptured or that general reputational harm will not persist. If one or more of the foregoing risks or challenges persist, our business, operations and financial condition are likely to be materially and adversely affected

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We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and determined that our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 as well as of December 31, 2022. As a result, we restated our quarterly financial results for the periods ending June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022. This material weakness continues to exist as of December 31, 2023. In the future, we may identify additional material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting or adequate disclosure controls and procedures, which may result in material errors in our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our period reporting obligations.

Management and our Audit Committee, in consultation with BDO USA P.C. (“BDO”), our independent registered public accounting firm, determined that our previously issued interim financial statements filed on the Form 10-Q, as of June 30, 2022, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 should no longer be relied upon. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for evaluating and reporting on the effectiveness of our system of internal control. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. As a public company, we are required to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. In particular, we are required to certify our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires us to furnish annually a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Management has concluded that in light of the errors described above, a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting existed and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 set forth in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 had to be modified to include a material weakness in its controls over financial reporting.  The material weakness identified relates to the ineffective design of management review controls over the computation and disclosure of income taxes. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The existence of one or more material weaknesses precludes a conclusion by management that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are effective. As a result of the material weakness, we believe that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective for the Non-Reliance Periods. In preparing our audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we determined that the material weakness still exists in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls were ineffective. Management is committed to the remediation of the material weakness. Management is actively engaged in the implementation of remediation efforts, as described above to address the material weakness.

If we are not able to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or if we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements or guarantee that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Any failure of our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures could cause our investors to lose confidence in our publicly reported information, cause the market price of our stock to decline, expose us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, or impact our results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Company

We have a limited operating history conducting commercial development of bioanalytics, process development and manufacturing activities, which may limit the ability of investors to make an informed investment decision.

To date, we have limited experience manufacturing products for third parties and ourselves. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with development and manufacturing, we are unable to predict if we will be successful in providing such services to ourselves or third parties. Our ability to generate this revenue will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and maintain customers for our development, manufacturing and technology transfer services and on the amount spent by the customers on such services. If our facility fails to attract customers and operate at sufficient capacity, our margins will suffer, and we may not be able to fund the costs we incur to operate it. Our bioanalytics, process development

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and biomanufacturing activities will also depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain an appropriately skilled and sufficient workforce to operate our development and manufacturing facility and our ability to comply with various quality standards and environmental, health and safety laws and regulations.

We depend on spending and demand from our customers for our contract manufacturing and development services and any reduction in spending or demand could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The amount that our customers spend on the development and manufacturing of their products or product candidates, particularly the amount our customers choose to spend on outsourcing these services to us, substantially impacts our revenue. The outcomes of our customers’ research, development and marketing also significantly influence the amount that our customers choose to spend on our services and offerings. Our customers determine the amounts that they will spend on our services based upon, among other things, the clinical and market success of their products, available resources, access to capital and their need to develop new products which, in turn, depend upon a number of other factors, including their competitors’ research, development and product initiatives and the anticipated market for any new products, as well as clinical and reimbursement scenarios for specific products and therapeutic areas. Further, increasing consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry may impact such spending, particularly in the event that any of our customers choose to develop or acquire integrated manufacturing operations. Any reduction in customer spending on biologics development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Available resources, the need to develop new products, and consolidation in the industries in which our customers operate may have an impact on such spending. Our customers finance their research and development spending from private and public sources. A reduction in spending by our customers, which may be influenced by the recent sharp downturn in available private and public funding for small and emerging biotechnology companies, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If our customers are not successful in attaining or retaining product sales due to market conditions, reimbursement issues, or other factors, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

To date, our revenues have come from a limited number of customers, making us dependent on those few customers.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, substantially all of our revenue was derived from a limited number of customers. Though we continue to expand our customer base, we remain dependent on a limited number of customers for a substantial majority of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenue from two cusotomers accounted for 85% of total revenue . For the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue from one customer accounted for 94% of total revenue. One customer accounted for 36% of our revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and is migrating to a larger CDMO for commercial manufacture of their product. The loss of, or a significant reduction of business from, any of our primary customers will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operation unless we are able to replace such customers with other primary customers.

We generally do not have long-term CDMO customer contracts and our backlog cannot be relied upon as a future indicator of revenues.

We generally do not have long-term contracts with our CDMO customers, and existing contracts and purchase commitments may be canceled under certain circumstances. As a result, we are exposed to market and competitive price pressures on every order, and our agreements with customers do not provide assurance of future revenues. Our customers are not required to make minimum purchases and, in certain circumstances, may cease using our services at any time without penalty. Our backlog should not be relied on as a measure of anticipated demand or future revenue, because the orders constituting our backlog may be subject to changes in delivery schedules or cancellation without significant penalty to the customer. Any reductions, cancellations or deferrals in customer orders would negatively impact our business.

All of our manufacturing services are conducted at our facility situated in San Antonio, Texas, which increases our exposure to significant disruption to our business as a result of unforeseeable developments in a single geographic area.

We operate one manufacturing facility in one location, San Antonio, Texas. It is possible that we could experience prolonged periods of reduced production due to unforeseen catastrophic events occurring in or around our facilities. It is

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also possible that operations could be disrupted due to other unforeseen circumstances such as power outages, explosions, fires, floods, earthquakes or accidents. As a result, we may be unable to shift manufacturing capabilities to alternate locations, accept materials from suppliers, meet customer shipment needs or address other severe consequences that may be encountered, and we may suffer damage to our reputation. Our financial condition and results of our operations could be materially adversely affected were such events to occur.

The operations of our business and our suppliers’ business could also be subject to business interruptions.

Our business and the business of the raw material suppliers could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to a pandemic or other health crisis, such as the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). A significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect our planned operations. Such events could result in the complete or partial closure of our manufacturing facilities. In addition, it could impact economies and financial markets, resulting in an economic downturn that could impact our ability to raise capital or slow down potential partnering relationships.

We rely on third parties to supply most of the necessary raw materials and supplies for the products we manufacture on behalf of our customers and our inability to obtain such raw materials or supplies may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operations require various raw materials, including proprietary media, resins, buffers, and filters, in addition to numerous additional raw materials supplied primarily by third parties. We or our customers specify the raw materials and other items required to manufacture their product and, in some cases, specify the suppliers from whom we must purchase these raw materials. In certain instances, the raw materials and other items can only be supplied by a limited number of suppliers and, in some cases, a single source, or in limited quantities. If third-party suppliers do not supply raw materials or other items on a timely basis, it may cause a manufacturing run to be delayed or canceled which would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, we do not have long-term supply contracts with any of our single source suppliers. If we experience difficulties acquiring sufficient quantities of required materials or products from our existing suppliers, or if our suppliers are found to be non-compliant with the FDA’s quality system regulation, CGMPs or other applicable laws or regulations, we would be required to find alternative suppliers. If our primary suppliers become unable or unwilling to perform, any resulting delays or interruptions in the supply of raw materials required to support our manufacturing of CGMP pharmaceutical-grade products would ultimately delay our manufacture of products for our customers, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. Furthermore, third-party suppliers may fail to provide us with raw materials and other items that meet the qualifications and specifications required by us or our customers. If third-party suppliers are not able to provide us with raw materials that meet our or our customers’ specifications on a timely basis, we may be unable to manufacture their product or it could prevent us from delivering products to our customers within required timeframes. Any such delay in delivering our products may create liability for us to our customers for breach of contract or cause us to experience order cancellations and loss of customers. In the event that we manufacture products with inferior quality components and raw materials, we may become subject to product liability claims caused by defective raw materials or components from a third-party supplier or from a customer, or our customer may be required to recall its products from the market.

Our manufacturing services are highly complex, and if we are unable to provide quality and timely services to our customers, our business could suffer.

The manufacturing services we offer are highly complex, due in part to strict regulatory requirements. A failure of our quality control systems in our facility could cause problems to arise in connection with facility operations for a variety of reasons, including equipment malfunction, viral contamination, failure to follow specific manufacturing instructions, protocols and standard operating procedures, problems with raw materials or environmental factors. Such problems could affect production of a single manufacturing run or a series of runs, requiring the destruction of products, or could halt manufacturing operations altogether. In addition, our failure to meet required quality standards may result in our failure to timely deliver products to our customers which, in turn, could damage our reputation for quality and service. Any such incident could, among other things, lead to increased costs, lost revenue, reimbursement to customers for lost drug substance, damage to and possibly termination of existing customer relationships, time and expense spent investigating the cause and, depending on the cause, similar losses with respect to other manufacturing runs. With respect to our

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commercial manufacturing, if problems are not discovered before the product is released to the market, we may be subject to regulatory actions, including product recalls, product seizures, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution, restrictions on our operations, civil sanctions, including monetary sanctions, and criminal actions. In addition, such issues could subject us to litigation, the cost of which could be significant.

We are dependent upon our customers’ ability to receive and maintain regulatory approval for their product candidates which negatively impact our revenues and profitability.

Our success depends upon the regulatory approval of the products we manufacture. As such, if our customers experience a delay in, or failure to receive, approval for any of their product candidates or fail to maintain regulatory approval of their products and we are not able to manufacture these products, our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. Additionally, if the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve of our facilities for the manufacture of a customer product or if it withdraws such approval in the future, our customers may choose to identify alternative manufacturing facilities and/or relationships, which could significantly impact our ability to expand our manufacturing capacity and capabilities and achieve profitability.

Our business is dependent upon the demand for our services by our customers.

Our business is dependent upon the amount of money our customers choose to spend on development and manufacturing services. A decrease in the budget of our customers for spending on development and manufacturing services will negatively impact our revenue and profitability. Early stage customers may be forced to delay or cancel our services in an effort to conserve cash which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. In addition, the outcomes of our customers’ research, development and marketing also significantly influence the amount that our customers choose to spend on our services and offerings. Further, increasing consolidation in the pharmaceutical industry may impact such spending, particularly in the event that any of our customers choose to develop or acquire integrated manufacturing operations. Any reduction in customer spending on biologics development and related services as a result of these and other factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable for damages.

Our contract manufacturing operations involve the controlled use of hazardous materials and chemicals. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and chemicals. Although we believe that our procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we may incur significant additional costs to comply with applicable laws in the future. Also, even if we are in compliance with applicable laws, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from hazardous materials or chemicals. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of these materials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability could exceed our resources. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our contract manufacturing operations, which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our acquired intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

We regularly review acquired intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of the intangible assets may not be recoverable, include: macroeconomic conditions, such as deterioration in general economic conditions; industry and market considerations, such as deterioration in the environment in which we operate; cost factors, such as increases in labor or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows; our financial performance, such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods; other relevant entity-specific events, such as changes in management, key personnel,

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strategy, or customers; and sustained decreases in share price. In 2023, goodwill impairment of $3.9 million and intangible asset impairment of $2.3 million was recorded but is now reported with discontinued operations. Refer to Note 2, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. During the year ended December 31, 2022 we recorded an indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment charge of $3.5 million.

If Elusys Holdings should fail to fulfill the royalty payment obligations under the Merger Agreement, we will be liable for such payments.

The Merger Agreement provides that Elusys Therapeutics will pay earn out payments for a period of 12 years from the Closing Date equal to 10% of the gross dollar amount of payments received during each one year period during such twelve year period with respect to any sale, license or commercialization anywhere in the world of ANTHIM® that either: (a) occurs during the first nine years after the Closing Date in any respect; or (b) occurs thereafter pursuant to any contract, agreement, commitment or order that is placed, granted, awarded or entered into during the first nine years after the Closing Date. The Merger Agreement also provides that we will remain liable for royalty payment obligations if any buyer of Elusys Therapeutics fails to satisfy this obligation.

We rely on key executive officers and scientific and medical advisors, and their knowledge of our business and technical expertise would be difficult to replace.

We are highly dependent on our principal scientific, regulatory and medical advisors and our chief executive officer. Other than a $2.0 million insurance policy we hold on the life of Jeffrey Wolf, we do not have “key person” life insurance policies for any of our officers or advisors. The loss of the technical knowledge, management and industry expertise of any of our key personnel could result in delays in product development, loss of customers and sales and diversion of management resources, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Certain members of our management team serve as executive officers of the entity that owns Elusys Therapeutics, which may give rise to potential conflicts of interest.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are also officers and/or directors of the entity that owns Elusys Therapeutics. Accordingly, there may be possible conflicts of interest if we should perform manufacturing services for such entity as well as with respect to allocation of time.

Risks Related to Regulatory Approval and Commercialization

Failure to comply with existing and future regulatory requirements for our CDMO could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our industry is highly regulated. We are required to comply with the regulatory requirements of various local, state, provincial, national and international regulatory bodies having jurisdiction in the countries or localities in which we manufacture products or in which our customers’ products are distributed. In particular, our CDMO is subject to laws and regulations concerning development, testing, manufacturing processes, equipment and facilities, including compliance with CGMPs, import and export, and product registration and listing, among other things. As a result, our facility is subject to regulation by the FDA, as well as regulatory bodies of other jurisdictions where our customers have marketing approval for their products including, but not limited to, the EMA, ANVISA and/or Health Canada, depending on the countries in which our customers market and sell the products we manufacture on their behalf. It is possible that compliance with new regulatory requirements could impose significant compliance costs on us. Such costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

These regulatory requirements impact many aspects of our operations, including manufacturing, developing, storage, distribution, import and export and record keeping related to customers’ products. Noncompliance with any applicable regulatory requirements can result in government refusal to approve: (i) facilities for testing or manufacturing products or (ii) products for commercialization. The FDA and other regulatory agencies can delay, limit or deny approval for many reasons, including:

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In addition, if new legislation or regulations are enacted or existing legislation or regulations are amended or are interpreted or enforced differently, we may be required to obtain additional approvals or operate according to different manufacturing or operating standards. This may require a change in our development and manufacturing techniques or additional capital investments in our facilities. Any related costs may be significant. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements in the future, then we may be subject to warning letters and/or civil or criminal penalties and fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, restrictions on the import and export of the products we manufacture, debarment, exclusion, disgorgement of profits, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution and the loss of contracts and resulting revenue losses. Inspections by regulatory authorities that identify any deficiencies could result in remedial actions, production stoppages or facility closure, which would disrupt the manufacturing process and supply of product to our customers. In addition, such failure to comply could expose us to contractual and product liability claims, including claims by customers for reimbursement for lost or damaged active pharmaceutical ingredients or recall or other corrective actions, the cost of which could be significant.

In addition, certain products we manufacture must undergo pre-clinical and clinical evaluations relating to product safety and efficacy before they are approved as commercial therapeutic products. The regulatory authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which our customers intend to market their products may delay or put on hold clinical trials or delay approval of a product or determine that the product is not approvable. The FDA or other regulatory agencies can delay approval of a drug if our manufacturing facility, including any newly commissioned facility, is not able to demonstrate compliance with CGMPs, pass other aspects of pre-approval inspections or properly scale up to produce commercial supplies. The FDA and comparable government authorities having jurisdiction in the countries in which we or our customers intend to market their products have the authority to withdraw product approval or suspend manufacture if there are significant problems with raw materials or supplies, quality control and assurance or the product we manufacture is adulterated or misbranded. If our manufacturing facilities and services are not in compliance with FDA and comparable government authorities, we may be unable to obtain or maintain the necessary approvals to continue manufacturing products for our customers, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be exposed to liability claims associated with the use of biological and hazardous materials and chemicals.

Our research and development activities and CDMO services we provide may involve the controlled use of biological and hazardous materials and chemicals. Although we believe that our safety procedures for using, storing, handling and disposing of these materials comply with federal, state and local laws and regulations, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental injury or contamination from these materials. We currently operate a facility in Texas where we perform contract services for third parties that could involve the use of biological and hazardous materials and chemicals. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any resulting damages and any liability could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous or radioactive materials and waste products may require us to incur substantial compliance costs that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products in response to product liability lawsuits.

The testing and marketing of drug and biological product candidates entail an inherent risk of product liability. Product liability claims might be brought against us by consumers, health care providers or others selling or otherwise coming into contact with our products. In our facility in San Antonio we perform CDMO services for third parties.  We could incur liability in the performance of these services, including liability for damage to materials supplied to us. If any of the products or services we develop are used in clinical trials, clinical trial liability claims may be filed against us for damages suffered by clinical trial subjects or their families. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products which could impact our ability to continue as a going concern. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with collaborators. In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in:

Uncertainty regarding health care reform and declining general economic or business conditions may have a negative impact on our business.

Continuing concerns over U.S. health care reform legislation and energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit and government stimulus programs in the United States and other countries have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the global economy. If the economic climate does not improve or continues to be uncertain, our business, as well as the financial condition of our customers and suppliers, could be adversely affected, resulting in a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely extensively on our information technology systems and are vulnerable to damage and interruption.

We rely on our information technology systems and infrastructure to process transactions, summarize results and manage our business, including maintaining client and supplier information. Additionally, we utilize third parties, including cloud providers, to store, transfer and process data. Our information technology systems, as well as the systems of our suppliers and other partners, whose systems we do not control, are vulnerable to outages and an increasing risk of continually evolving deliberate intrusions to gain access to company sensitive information. Likewise, data security incidents and breaches by employees and others with or without permitted access to our systems pose a risk that sensitive data may be exposed to unauthorized persons or to the public. A cyber-attack or other significant disruption involving our information technology systems, or those of our vendors, suppliers and other partners, could also result in disruptions in critical systems, corruption or loss of data and theft of data, funds or intellectual property. We may be unable to prevent outages or security breaches in our systems. We remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or yet unknown threats as, in some instances, we, our suppliers and our other partners may be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. We also face the risk that we expose our vendors or partners to cybersecurity attacks. Any or all of the foregoing could adversely affect our results of operations and our business reputation.

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Any failure to maintain the security of information relating to our customers, employees and suppliers, whether as a result of cybersecurity attacks or otherwise, could expose us to litigation, government enforcement actions and costly response measures, and could disrupt our operations and harm our reputation.

In connection with the sales and marketing of our products and services, we may from time to time transmit confidential information. We also have access to, collect or maintain private or confidential information regarding our clinical trials and the patients enrolled therein, employees, and suppliers, as well as our business. Cyberattacks are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly sophisticated. In addition, if we manufacturer biodefense products sold to the U.S. government, such as ANTHIM, we will have access to highly confidential government information. It is possible that computer hackers and others might compromise our security measures, or security measures of those parties that we do business with now or in the future and obtain the personal information of patients in our clinical trials, vendors, employees and suppliers or our business information. A security breach of any kind, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and attacks by hackers, employees or others, could expose us to risks of data loss, litigation, government enforcement actions, regulatory penalties and costly response measures, and could seriously disrupt our operations. Any resulting negative publicity could significantly harm our reputation, which could cause us to lose market share and have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and restrictions on the deployment of cash across global operations.

Although we report operating results in U.S. dollars, if we engage in sales of products internationally, our revenues and expenses are or will be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, particularly in Europe. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can have a number of adverse effects on us. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we will be required to translate revenues, expenses and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will affect revenues, income from operations, other income (expense), net and the value of balance sheet items originally denominated in other currencies. There is no guarantee that our financial results will not be adversely affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, in some countries we could be subject to strict restrictions on the movement of cash and the exchange of foreign currencies, which could limit our ability to use these funds across our global operations.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other worldwide anti-bribery laws.

The FCPA and anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other commercial advantage. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws, which often carry substantial penalties, including criminal and civil fines, potential loss of export licenses, possible suspension of the ability to do business with the federal government, denial of government reimbursement for products and exclusion from participation in government health care programs. We may operate in jurisdictions that have experienced governmental and private sector corruption to some degree, and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with certain local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that the internal control policies and procedures always will protect us from reckless or other inappropriate acts committed by affiliates, employees or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

We have limited protection for our intellectual property, which could impact our competitive position.

We intend to rely on a combination of common law copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret laws and measures to protect our proprietary information and technology. We may be unable to prevent unauthorized use of such information and technology. Patent, trademark and copyright protections may be limited, and enforcement could be too costly to be effective. It may also be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of, or otherwise obtain and use, our proprietary information without authorization, including, but not limited to, product design, software, customer and

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prospective customer lists, trade secrets, copyrights, patents and other proprietary rights and materials. Other parties can use and register confusingly similar business, product and service names, as well as domain names, which could divert customers, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture market share. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology products, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our proprietary rights generally. Many countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties.

If we fail to successfully enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could suffer, which could harm our operating results. Competitors may challenge the validity or scope of our intellectual property rights we may obtain. We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and police our intellectual property rights. We may not be able to detect infringement and our competitive position may be harmed. Proceedings to enforce our rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies.

Our technology, our products or our development efforts may be found to infringe upon third-party intellectual property rights.

Third parties may in the future assert claims or initiate litigation related to their patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights in technology that is important to us. The asserted claims and/or litigation could include claims against us, our suppliers alleging infringement of intellectual property rights with respect to our proprietary rights. Regardless of the merit of the claims, they could be time consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements. We have not undertaken an exhaustive search to discover any third party intellectual patent rights, which might be infringed by commercialization of the product candidates described herein. Although we are not currently aware of any such third-party intellectual patent rights, it is possible that such rights currently exist or might be obtained in the future. In the event that a third party controls such rights and we are unable to obtain a license to such rights on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to sell or continue to develop our products, and may be liable for damages for such infringement. We cannot assure you that licenses will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Furthermore, because of the potential for significant damage awards, which are not necessarily predictable, it is not unusual to find even arguably unmeritorious claims resulting in large settlements. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

If our products, methods, processes and other technologies infringe the proprietary rights of other parties, we could incur substantial costs and we may have to:

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General Risk Factors

Changes in general economic conditions, geopolitical conditions, domestic and foreign trade policies, monetary policies and other factors beyond our control may adversely impact our business and operating results.

Our operations and performance depend on global, regional and U.S. economic and geopolitical conditions. General worldwide economic conditions have experienced significant instability in recent years including the recent global economic uncertainty and financial market conditions. Russia’s invasion and military attacks on Ukraine have triggered significant sanctions from U.S. and European leaders and financial markets around the world experienced volatility following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022. Resulting changes in U.S. trade policy could trigger retaliatory actions by Russia, its allies and other affected countries, including China, resulting in a “trade war.” Furthermore, if other countries, including the U.S., become further involved in the conflict, we could face significant adverse effects to our business and financial condition. In addition, the global macroeconomic environment could be negatively affected by, among other things, instability in global economic markets, increased U.S. trade tariffs and trade disputes with other countries, instability in the global credit markets, supply chain weaknesses, instability in the geopolitical environment as a result of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the war in the Middle East and other political tensions, and foreign governmental debt concerns. Such challenges have caused, and may continue to cause, uncertainty and instability in local economies and in global financial markets.

The uncertain financial markets, disruptions in supply chains, mobility restraints, and changing priorities as well as volatile asset values could impact our business in the future. The COVID-19 outbreak and government measures taken in response to the pandemic have also had a significant impact, both direct and indirect, on businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred; supply chains have been disrupted; facilities and production have been suspended; and demand for certain goods and services, such as medical services and supplies, have spiked, while demand for other goods and services, such as travel, have fallen. A resurgence of COVID 19, or other pandemics or epidemics could have an adverse effect on our business and operations are uncertain.

Further, although we have not experienced any material adverse effects on our business due to increasing inflation, it has raised operating costs for many businesses and, in the future, could impact demand or pricing manufacturing of our drug candidates or services providers, foreign exchange rates or employee wages. Inflation rates, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom, have increased recently to levels not seen in years, and increased inflation may result in increases in our operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity and limits on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise capital. In addition, the Federal Reserve has raised, and may again raise, interest rates in response to concerns about inflation, which coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in financial markets may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty and heightening these risks.

Actual events involving reduced or limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as receiver.  Although we did not have any cash or cash equivalent balances on deposit with Silicon Valley Bank, uncertainty and liquidity concerns in the broader financial services industry remain and the failure of Silicon Valley Bank and its potential near- and long-term effects on the biotechnology industry and its participants such as our vendors, suppliers, and investors, may also adversely affect our operations and stock price.

We are actively monitoring the effects these disruptions and increasing inflation could have on our operations. These conditions make it extremely difficult for us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities.

These conditions make it extremely difficult for us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities.

In addition, the outbreak of a pandemic could disrupt our operations due to absenteeism by infected or ill members of management or other employees, or absenteeism by members of management and other employees who elect not to come to work due to the illness affecting others in our office or laboratory facilities, or due to quarantines. Pandemics could also impact members of our Board of Directors resulting in absenteeism from meetings of the directors or committees of directors, and making it more difficult to convene the quorums of the full Board of Directors or its committees needed to conduct meetings for the management of our affairs.

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We may not successfully effect our intended expansion, which would harm our business prospects.

Our success will depend upon the expansion of our operations and the effective management of our growth, which will place a significant strain on our management, and on our administrative, operational and financial resources. To manage this growth, we must expand our facilities; augment our operational, financial and management systems; and hire and train additional qualified personnel. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our business would be harmed.

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past, has recently been volatile and may be volatile in the future, and as a result, investors in our common stock could incur substantial losses and our ability to raise funds may be impacted.

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past, has recently been volatile and may be volatile in the future. On December 19, 2023, the reported low sale price of our common stock was $0.258 per share and the reported high sales price was $1.29 per share on January 24, 2023. For comparison purposes, on December 29, 2023, the price of our common stock closed at $0.44 per share. We may incur rapid and substantial decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future that are unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The stock market generally and the market for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in particular has experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our common stock. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including the following:

These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Since the stock price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past, has been recently volatile and may be volatile in the future, investors in our common stock could incur substantial losses. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

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There can be no guarantee that our stock price will remain at current prices or that future sales of our common stock will not be at prices lower than those sold to investors.

If we are unable to hire additional qualified personnel, our ability to grow our business may be harmed.

We will need to hire additional qualified personnel with expertise in preclinical and clinical research, government regulation, formulation and manufacturing, sales and marketing and accounting and financing. Over the next 12 months, we expect to hire additional new employees in Texas. We compete for qualified individuals with numerous biopharmaceutical companies, universities, and other research institutions. Competition for such individuals is intense, and we cannot be certain that our search for such personnel will be successful. Attracting and retaining qualified personnel will be critical to our success.

We are a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on smaller reporting company exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the applicable regulations in a timely manner, if at all.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American LLC (the “NYSE American”) could result in a de-listing of our common stock.

Our shares of common stock are currently listed on the NYSE American. On April 17, 2024, we received an official notice of noncompliance (the “NYSE American Notice”) from NYSE Regulation stating that we are not in compliance with NYSE American continued listing standards (the “Filing Delinquency Notification”) under the timely filing criteria included in Section 1007 of the NYSE American Company Guide (the "Company Guide") due to the failure to timely file this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Delinquent Report”) by the filing due date of April 16, 2024 (the “Filing Delinquency”.)

We believe that upon the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K we will have cured the Filing Delinquency, however there can be no assurance that we will continue to comply with the NYSE American continued listing requirements. If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American, such as the corporate governance requirements, minimum bid price requirement or the minimum stockholder’s equity requirement, NYSE American may take steps to de-list our common stock. In determining whether to afford a company a cure period prior to commencing suspension or delisting procedures, the NYSE American does analyze all relevant facts including any past history of late filings.  Any de-listing would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock and would impair stockholders’ ability to sell or purchase their common stock when they wish to do so. There can be no assurance given that we will be able to continue to satisfy our continued listing requirements and maintain the listing of our common stock on the NYSE American going forward.

The possible issuance of common stock subject to options, restricted stock units and warrants may dilute the interests of stockholders.

As of April 26, 2024, awards for 6,220,623 shares of common stock are outstanding under our equity compensation plans and 1,243,504 shares of common stock remain available for grants under the plans. To the extent that outstanding stock options and warrants are exercised, or additional securities are issued, dilution to the interests of our stockholders may occur. Moreover, the terms upon which we will be able to obtain additional equity capital may be adversely affected since

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the holders of the outstanding options can be expected to exercise them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital on terms more favorable to us than those provided in such outstanding options.

We have additional securities available for issuance, which, if issued, could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 250,000,000 shares of our common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. In certain circumstances, the common stock, as well as the awards available for issuance under the incentive plans, can be issued by our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval. Any future issuances of such stock would further dilute the percentage ownership of us held by holders of preferred stock and common stock. Our Board of Directors is authorized to create and issue from time to time, only with stockholder approval, up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock of which 8,212,500 have been designated. The authority to designate preferred stock may be used to issue series of preferred stock, or rights to acquire preferred stock, that could dilute the interest of, or impair the voting power of, holders of the common stock or could also be used as a method of determining, delaying or preventing a change of control.

We have never paid dividends and have no plans to pay dividends in the future.

Holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors. To date, we have paid no cash dividends on our shares of our preferred or common stock and we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for operations of our business. Therefore, any return investors in our preferred or common stock may have will be in the form of appreciation, if any, in the market value of their shares of common stock.

Certain provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our bylaws and stockholder rights plan may have anti-takeover effects that may make an acquisition of our company by another company more difficult.

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination, including mergers and asset sales, with an interested stockholder (generally, a 15% or greater stockholder) for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. The operation of Section 203 may have anti-takeover effects, which could delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt that a holder of our common stock might consider in its best interest. Certain provisions of our bylaws including the ability of our Board of Directors to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors and advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations may prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. In addition, the Rights issued pursuant to our stockholder rights plan that we implemented, if not redeemed or suspended, could result in the dilution of the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, likely preventing acquisitions that have not been approved by our Board of Directors and therefore discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control that stockholders may consider favorable.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for certain types of state actions that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except, in each case for claims arising under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal securities laws for which there is exclusive federal or concurrent federal and state jurisdiction.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, employees, control persons, underwriters, or agents, which may discourage

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lawsuits against us and our directors, employees, control persons, underwriters, or agents. Additionally, a court could determine that the exclusive forum provision is unenforceable, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find these provisions of our amended and restated bylaws inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Future sales of our common stock by our existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.

On April 26, 2024, we had 36,031,964 shares of our common stock outstanding, all of which are currently eligible for sale in the public market, subject, in certain circumstances to the volume, manner of sale and other limitations under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act. It is conceivable that stockholders may wish to sell some or all of their shares. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market at the same time, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly due to an imbalance in the supply and demand of our common stock. Even if they do not actually sell the stock, the perception in the public market that our stockholders might sell significant shares of our common stock could also depress the market price of our common stock.

A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities, and may cause stockholders to lose part or all of their investment in our shares of common stock.

Our shares of common stock are from time to time thinly traded, so stockholders may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if they need to sell shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate their shares.

Our common stock has from time to time been “thinly-traded,” meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common stock at or near ask prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer that has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. We cannot give stockholders any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common shares will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.

The shares of common stock offered under any at the market offering that we may engage in, and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase shares that are sold under at-the-market-offerings at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold, and there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience declines in the value of their shares as a result of share sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

Reports published by securities or industry analysts, including projections in those reports that exceed our actual results, could adversely affect our common stock price and trading volume.

Securities research analysts, including those affiliated with our underwriters from prior offerings, establish and publish their own periodic projections for our business. These projections may vary widely from one another and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. Our stock price may decline if our actual results do not match securities research analysts’ projections. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who writes reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business or if one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our stock price or trading volume could decline.

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While we expect securities research analyst coverage to continue going forward, if no securities or industry analysts cover us, the trading price for our stock and the trading volume could be adversely affected.

Item 1B.      Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

We maintain a cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats.

The underlying processes and controls of our cyber risk management program incorporate recognized best practices and standards for cybersecurity and information technology, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework (“CSF”). We have an annual assessment performed by a third-party specialist of our cyber risk management program against the NIST CSF. The annual risk assessment identifies, quantifies, and categorizes material cyber risks. In addition, we, in conjunction with the third-party cyber risk management specialists, develop a risk mitigation plan to address such risks, and where necessary, remediate potential vulnerabilities identified through the annual assessment process.

In addition, we maintain policies over areas such as information security, access on/offboarding, and access and account management, to help govern the processes put in place by management designed to protect our IT assets, data, and services from threats and vulnerabilities. We partner with industry recognized cybersecurity providers leveraging third-party technology and expertise. These cybersecurity partners, including consultants and other third-party service providers, are a key part of our cybersecurity risk management strategy and infrastructure and provide services including, maintenance of an IT assets inventory, periodic vulnerability scanning, identity access management controls including restricted access of privileged accounts, network integrity safeguarded by employing web-based software, including endpoint protection, endpoint detection and response, and remote monitoring management on all devices, industry-standard encryption protocols, critical data backups, infrastructure maintenance, incident response, cybersecurity strategy, and cyber risk advisory, assessment and remediation.

Our management team, in conjunction with third-party information technology (“IT”) and cybersecurity service providers, is responsible for oversight and administration of our cyber risk management program, and for informing senior management and other relevant stakeholders regarding the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Scorpius Holdings’ management team has prior experience selecting, deploying, and overseeing cybersecurity technologies, initiatives, and processes directly or via selection of strategic third-party partners, and relies on threat intelligence as well as other information obtained from governmental, public, or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us for strategic cyber risk management, advisory and decision making. Our Audit Committee also provides oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats.

As part of its review of the adequacy of our system of internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the Audit Committee is specifically responsible for reviewing the adequacy of our computerized information system controls and security related thereof. The cybersecurity stakeholders, including member(s) of management assigned with cybersecurity oversight responsibility and/or third-party consultants providing cyber risk services brief the Audit Committee on cyber vulnerabilities identified through the risk management process, the effectiveness of our cyber risk management program, and the emerging threat landscape and new cyber risks on at least an annual basis. This includes updates on our processes to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents. In addition, cybersecurity risks are reviewed by our Board of Directors at least annually, as part of our corporate risk oversight processes.

We face risks from cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or reputation. We acknowledge that the risk of cyber incident is prevalent in the current threat landscape and that a future cyber incident may occur in the normal course of its business. However, prior cybersecurity incidents have not had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. We proactively seek to detect and investigate unauthorized attempts and attacks against our IT assets, data, and services, and to prevent their occurrence and recurrence where practicable through changes or updates to internal

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processes and tools and changes or updates to service delivery; however, potential vulnerabilities to known or unknown threats will remain. Further, there is increasing regulation regarding responses to cybersecurity incidents, including reporting to regulators, investors, and additional stakeholders, which could subject us to additional liability and reputational harm. In response to such risks, we have implemented initiatives such as implementation of the cybersecurity risk assessment process and development of an incident response plan. See Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for more information on cybersecurity risks.

Item 2.         Properties

Facilities

Our executive offices are located at 627 Davis Drive, Suite 300, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560. In November 2022, we commenced a lease that expires October 1, 2030 for 15,996 square feet of office and laboratory space for monthly rent of $43,655 exclusive of payments required for maintenance of common areas and utilities.

In January 2018, Pelican entered into a five-year lease for 5,156 square feet of office and laboratory space located in San Antonio, Texas for monthly rent of $9,668, exclusive of payments required for maintenance of common areas and utilities. This lease expired in February 2023.

In July 2020, and amended August 2022, we entered into a lease for our Skunkworx subsidiary in North Brunswick, New Jersey that is expected to expire July 1, 2024 for 2,725 square feet of laboratory space for monthly rent of $11,434 exclusive of payments required for utilities.

The lease for our Scorpius manufacturing mammalian facility commenced in September 2022 and is located at 1305 E. Houston Street, Building 2, San Antonio, Texas 78205 for general office, laboratory, research, analytical, and/or biomanufacturing purposes for monthly base rent starting at $50,360 and increasing at the rate of three percent (3%) on an annual basis up to a maximum monthly base rent of $76,174. This lease is set to expire in September 2037. This lease is classified as a finance lease and we recorded a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability at commencement. A second additional lease for our Scorpius manufacturing microbial facility commenced in May 2023 and is located at 1305 E. Houston Street, Building 7, San Antonio, Texas 78205 for biomanufacturing purposes for monthly base rent starting at $21,445 and increasing at the rate of three percent (3%) on an annual basis up to a maximum base rent of $32,436. This lease is set to expire in March 2038. This lease is classified as a financial lease and we recorded a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability at commencement. A third lease for our Scorpius manufacturing warehouse facility commenced in December 2023 and is located at 12625 Wetmore Road, Suite 301, San Antonio, Texas 78247 for biomanufacturing purposes for monthly base rent starting at $19,479 and increasing at the rate of four percent (4%) on an annual basis up to a maximum base rent of $23,699. This lease is set to expire in March 2038. This lease is classified as an operating lease and we recorded a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability at commencement.

We believe our existing properties are adequate for our current needs.

Item 3.        Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 4.        Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.        Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Effective February 6, 2024, Nighthawk Biosciences, Inc. changed its name to Scorpius Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) by filing a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to its Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. From and after February 6, 2024, our common stock trades on the NYSE American under the symbol “SCPX”. Between May 3, 2022 and February 5, 2024, our common stock was trading on the NYSE American under the symbol “NHWK”. Between February 14, 2022 and May 2, 2022, our common stock was trading on the NYSE American under the symbol “HTBX”. Prior to February 14, 2022, our common stock traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “HTBX”.

Holders

As of April 26, 2024, there were approximately 31 stockholders of record of our common stock. The number of holders of record is based on the actual number of holders registered on the books of our transfer agent and does not reflect holders of shares in “street name” or persons, partnerships, associations, corporations or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depository trust companies.

Dividend Policy

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date, and do not anticipate paying such cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Whether we declare and pay dividends is determined by our Board of Directors at their discretion, subject to certain limitations imposed under Delaware corporate law. The timing, amount and form of dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table contains information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

———————

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Except as previously disclosed in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, we had no sales of unregistered equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Purchase of Equity Securities

We have not purchased any of our equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 found in this Annual Report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Where possible, we have tried to identify these forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “should,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” and similar expressions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements due to important factors and risks including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report.

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Company Overview

Scorpius Holdings, Inc. provides process development and biomanufacturing services to support the biomanufacturing needs of third parties who use its biomanufacturing capacity as a fee-for-service model through our subsidiary, Scorpius Biomanufacturing, Inc. (formerly known as Scorpion Biological Services, Inc.). Scorpius couples CGMP biomanufacturing and quality control expertise with cutting edge capabilities in immunoassays, molecular assays, and bioanalytical methods to support cell- and gene-based therapies as well as large molecule biologics using American-made equipment, reagents, and materials. We anticipate the prioritization of Scorpius on American-made equipment, reagents, and materials paired with domestic sourcing of biomanufacturing expertise will make us competitive for U.S. government contracts and biodefense assets. We anticipate this will successfully support our expansion within the growing CDMO market.

We commenced operations of the leased San Antonio facility in September 2022. In order to promote efficiency and reduce our reliance on third-party vendors, we have enhanced our in-house development of bioanalytic, process development and manufacturing capabilities and offer such services to third parties for fees. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these new operations.

We intend to meet our financing needs for the operations of the facility through multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, cash on hand, grant funding and incentives, additional equity financings, debt financings, equipment sales leasebacks, and/or funding from partnerships or collaborations, and potential revenue, if any, from our CDMO biomanufacturing facility.

Recent Financial Developments

On March 9, 2024, we closed the offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement that we entered into on March 7, 2024 (the “Agreement”) with ThinkEquity, LLC, as representative of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which we issued and sold 10,000,000 shares of our Common Stock at a price of $0.15 per share for net proceeds of $1,235,000.

On January 29, 2024, we entered into a Patent Rights Sale and Assignment Agreement with Kopfkino IP, LLC (“Patent Agreement”). Pursuant to the Patent Agreement, in exchange for $1,000,000, we assigned our right, title and interest in and under the exclusive license agreement it entered into with Shattuck Labs, Inc. (“Shattuck”) in 2016, including our rights to certain provisional patent applications and know-how related to fusion proteins to treat cancer and other diseases that were not being developed by us.

On January 26, 2024 in accordance with the terms of that certain Asset and Equity Interests Purchase Agreement, dated December 11, 2023 (the “Agreement”), with Elusys Holdings, Elusys Holdings purchased from us a convertible promissory note in the aggregate amount of $2,250,000 (the “Note”), the conversion of which is subject to both Elusys’ Holdings election and obtaining stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of our common stock upon such conversion. The Note bears interest at a rate of 1% per annum, matures on the one-year anniversary of its issuance and converts into shares of our common stock at the option of Elusys Holdings only if stockholder approval of the issuance of such shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Note is obtained prior to the maturity date. The conversion price is $0.39109, which is equal to 110% of the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of our common stock for the seven trading days prior to December 11, 2023. Based upon such conversion price Elusys Holdings would be issued 5,810,740 shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Note.

Funding/Liquidity

We have incurred an accumulated deficit of $254.4 million through December 31, 2023. We have incurred negative cash flows from operations since we started our business. We have spent, and expect to continue to spend, substantial amounts in connection with implementing our business strategy, including our planned product development efforts, our clinical trials, and our research and discovery efforts. We have not yet generated significant revenue from operations and do not anticipate that we will generate sufficient revenue from operations in the near term to sustain our operations and therefore we will need to raise capital to sustain our operations.

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We expect to incur significant expenses and continued losses from operations for the foreseeable future despite our sale of Elusys Therapeutics- and the reduced expenses resulting from such sale. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses as we continue to increase operations at our facility in San Antonio. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated approximately $7.0 million in revenue and used cash in operating activities of approximately $31.5 million. To date the revenue generated from our operations in San Antonio has not been sufficient to cover our operating expenses and we have raised money through the equity offering described above, the issuance of the Note and the sale of the Shattuck patent license agreement.

On December 8, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “2023 ATM Sales Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Sales Agent” or “A.G.P.”) providing for the sale by us of shares of our common stock, from time to time, through or to A.G.P., as sales agent or principal, with certain limitations on the amount of common stock that may be offered and sold by us as set forth in the Sales Agreement (the “Offering”). Under the 2023 ATM Sales Agreement, we issued and sold an aggregate of 137,571 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $ 0.05 million in December 2023. We issued and sold and aggregate of 19,500 shares of common stock and received net proceeds of $0.01 million in January 2024. Due to the late filing of this Annual Report, we will not be eligible to make sales of shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Sales Agreement until May 2025.

The audit report  on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 contains an explanatory  paragraph have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. We have suffered recurring losses from operations and not generated significant revenue or positive cash flows from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. At April 26, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $1.4 million. Our current cash, including revenue generated from operations and the proceeds from the Patent Agreement, the Note and the Offering, is anticipated to be sufficient to fund operations only through late May, 2024.

We intend to meet our financing needs through multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, cash on hand and cash generated from operations, additional equity financings, debt financings, equipment sale leasebacks, and/or funding from partnerships or collaborations and potential revenue, if any, from our planned development and manufacturing facility. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in implementing these plans. If we do not raise capital or successfully engage a strategic partner in the next few months, we may be required to delay, reduce, or terminate some or all of our operations, sell some of our assets, cease operations, liquidate our assets or reorganize the Company, or a combination of the foregoing.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that several accounting policies are important to understanding our historical and future performance. We refer to these policies as "critical" because these specific areas generally require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are uncertain at the time we make the estimate, and different estimates—which also would have been reasonable—could have been used, which would have resulted in different financial results.

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and make various assumptions, which management believes to be reasonable

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under the circumstances, which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The notes to our audited consolidated financial statements contain a summary of our significant accounting policies. We consider the following accounting policies critical to the understanding of the results of our operations:

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

Our 2023 revenue primarily consisted of product sales revenue of ANTHIM® and process development revenue from our CDMO. Our 2022 revenue primarily consisted of product sales revenue of ANTHIM®. ANTHIM® revenue from Elusys Therapeutics is reported in discontinued operations for both 2023 and 2022. Refer to Note 2, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Product sales revenue is recognized when its performance obligation with its customers has been satisfied. The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the Company’s customers obtain control of the product, which is typically upon acceptance of the product at the delivery site. Grant revenue is recognized when qualifying costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that the conditions of the award have been met for collection. Process development revenue generally represents revenue from services associated with the custom development of a manufacturing process and analytical methods for a customer’s product. Process development revenue is recognized over time utilizing an input method by tracking the progress toward completion by measuring inputs to date relative to total estimated inputs needed to satisfy the performance obligation. Under a process development contract, the customer owns the product details and process, which has no alternative use. Each process represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of its product as the product is being created or enhanced by our services and can make changes to its process or specifications upon request. Under these agreements, the transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods to a customer. Deferred revenue represent customer deposits for process development services billed and/or received in advance of our fulfillment of performance obligations. Deferred revenue will convert to revenue as we perform our obligations under the contract.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception. Operating and finance leases are included in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, representing our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use, or ROU, assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments. The ROU assets also include any lease payments made and is adjusted for lease modifications. When a modification to a lease occurs, the lease liability and right-of-use asset is remeasured based on the remaining lease payments and incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date of the modification. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are recognized when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired from Elusys Therapeutics, which at the time of acquisition have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. Intangible assets from the acquisition of Pelican were considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the third quarter of 2022, Pelican’s intangible asset was fully written-off as the PTX-35 trial has been discontinued. The intangible asset acquired from the acquisition of Elusys Therapeutics is a definite-lived asset comprised of the ANTHIM® formulation. The asset is being amortized over 80 months, which is the approximate life of the patent. During the third quarter of 2023, our activities with regard to the divesture of the Elusys Therapeutics business met the criteria to report within discontinued operations. We evaluated intangible assets and goodwill for impairment under ASC 360-10, Impairment or disposal of long-lived assets and ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. As a result, goodwill was fully impaired by $3.9 million and intangible assets were partially impaired by $2.3 million. These impairments resulted in the carrying value of the discontinued operation asset being less than the fair value and therefore no loss has been recognized upon reclassification of Elusys Therapeutics to discontinued operations. Refer to Note 2, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if we become aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the assets are less than their carrying amounts. If development is terminated or abandoned, we may have a full or partial impairment charge related to the asset, calculated as the excess of carrying value of the intangible assets over fair value. See Note 9 regarding impairment at December 31, 2023.

We test goodwill and intangible asset impairment each year as of April 1, or more frequently should a significant impairment indicator occur. As part of the impairment test, we may elect to perform an assessment of qualitative factors. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying amount, or if we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment, we would then proceed with the impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the fair values of the reporting units to their carrying amounts. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we recognize a goodwill loss in an amount equal to any excess.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. We forecast discounted future cash flows at the reporting unit level using risk-adjusted discount rates and estimated future revenues and operating costs, which take into consideration expectations of competitive, business, and economic environments. We also identify similar publicly traded companies and develop a correlation, referred to as a multiple, to apply to the operating results of the reporting units.

Determining the fair value of intangible assets is judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. We forecast discounted future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates and estimated future revenues and operating costs, which take into consideration expectations of competitive, business, and economic environments. The fair value is then compared to the carrying value and if the carrying value exceeds fair value an impairment charge is recognized.

Changes in market demand, fluctuations in the markets in which we operate, the volatility and decline in the worldwide equity markets, and a decline in our market capitalization could unfavorably impact the remaining carrying value of our goodwill and intangible assets, which could have a significant effect on our current and future results of operations and financial position.

Income Tax

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which

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those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company reflects in the financial statements the benefit of positions taken in a previously filed tax return or expected to be taken in a future tax return only when it is considered ‘more-likely-than-not’ that the position taken will be sustained by a taxing authority. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority. The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties relating to uncertain income tax positions is to record them as a component of income tax expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Contingent Receivables, Related Party

Contingent receivables, related party are recorded as assets and represent the estimate of fair value of future note payable issuances and royalty earnout payments related to consideration from the divestiture of Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. Contingent receivables, related party are measured at fair value using a probability-weighted income approach utilizing significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestone and royalty payments and an estimated discount rate associated with the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the various milestones. Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success or changes in expected timelines for achievement of any of these milestones would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of these milestones, respectively, and commensurate changes to the associated asset. The contingent receivables, related party are revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 2, “Discontinued Operations” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Stock-Based Compensation

Calculating stock-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. The fair value of restricted stock units is estimated based on the closing price of our stock on the date of grant, and for the purposes of expense recognition, the total new number of shares expected to vest is adjusted for as they occur. We apply the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of our stock options awards. Inherent in this model are assumptions related to expected stock-price volatility, expected option life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. We use an average historical stock price volatility of our own data. We estimate the expected life of our options using the simplified method. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve on the grant date for a maturity similar to the expected life of the options. The dividend rate is based on our historical rate, which we anticipate remaining at zero. We account for forfeitures as they occur. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock options represent our best estimates, however these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and different assumptions are used, the stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

Research and Development Costs

We expense research and development costs associated with developmental products not yet approved by the FDA as well as costs associated with bringing our developmental products into advanced phase clinical trials as incurred. These costs consist primarily of pre-manufacturing and manufacturing drug costs, clinical trial execution, investigator payments, license fees, salaries, stock-based compensation, and related personnel costs. Other costs include fees paid to consultants and outside service providers related to the development of our product candidates, and other expenses relating to the design, development, and testing and enhancement of our product candidates.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $6.6 million of contract revenue, $0.3 million of National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) grant revenue and $0.1 million of royalty revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue consisted of $0.1 million of contract revenue, and $0.3 million of CPRIT grant revenue. The revenue does not reflect any revenue derived from Elusys Therapeutics which was divested in December 2023. The increase in contract revenue is primarily due to execution of process development contracts, a significant portion of which was from one customer for which we no longer anticipate deriving significant revenue.

Cost of revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $2.7 million of cost of revenues from product sales as compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $2.6 million was due to the cost of executing on process development contracts.

Research and development expense

Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $20.1 million and $20.2 million, respectively. The components of research and development expense are as follows, in millions:

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SGA”) expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $26.2 million and $20.1 million, respectively. The increase of $6.1 million was primarily due to increased sales and marketing costs for marketing the Company to the CDMO market space of $2.4 million, an increase in labor for Scorpius to support operations of $1.8 million, an increase in legal, accounting, and other professional expenses to manage the business of $1.8 million, an increase in facilities expenses from the opening of our San Antonio facility of $1.4 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of $0.8 million due to increased investment in equipment and the amortization of right to use assets, offset by decreases in stock-based compensation of $1.1 million, a decrease in other facility and operation expenses of $0.4 million, a reduced need for outside consultants associated with the build-out of Scorpius of $0.4 million, and a reduction of insurance costs of $0.1 million.

In-process research and development impairment

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) impairment was $0 and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. IPR&D was fully impaired during the third quarter of 2022 as the PTX-35 trial did not progress to Phase 2.

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

We reassess the actual consideration earned and the probability-weighted future earn-out payments at each balance sheet date. The decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration of $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 represents the write off of Pelican’s contingent consideration due to the discontinuation of the PTX-35 program. No change in fair value of contingent consideration is associated with current programs in 2023.

Total operating loss

Total operating loss was $42.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $40.2 million for the same period of 2022, representing a difference of $1.8 million. The change was due to $6.1 million of expenses from the build up of operations for the CDMO including sales and marketing, labor costs for supporting personnel, and legal and accounting fees, an additional $2.6 million of additional cost of revenues, partially offset by $0.1 million of reduced research and development expenses, non-recurring IPR&D and change in fair value of contingent consideration of $0.2 million, and $6.6 million of additional revenue compared to the same period in 2022.

Total non-operating loss

Total non-operating loss was $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 which primarily consisted of $0.8 million of finance lease interest expense, partially offset by $0.5 million of interest and dividends income, and $0.1 million of unrealized gains on short-term investment balances. Total non-operating loss was ($1.4) million for the year ended December 31, 2022 which primarily consisted of $1.7 million of unrealized losses on short-term investment balances, $0.7 million of interest expenses, partially offset by $1.0 million of interest income.

Income tax benefit

Income tax benefit was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase of $0.4 million is primarily due to the recognition of Elusys Therapeutics deferred tax liability.

Net loss from discontinued operations net of tax benefit

Net loss from discontinued operations net of tax benefit was $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $2.5 million for the same period of 2022, representing a change of $2.6 million. The change is from impairment of intangible assets of $6.2 million, partially offset by increased revenue of $0.7 million, reduced costs of revenue of $4.1

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million, net decrease in R&D and SG&A expenses of $0.4 million, a gain on sale of discontinued operations of $1.5 million, and a reduction in other expenses, net of $0.1 million.

Gain on sale of discontinued operations

On December 27, 2023, we completed the sale of all the assets and equity interest of Elusys Therapeutics, Inc. to Elusys Holdings, Inc. for approximately $2.5 million before working capital and escrow adjustments and transaction expenses. Total consideration included $0.5 million of cash received at closing, $0.4 million fair value of a contingent earn-out receivable, related party, and $1.7 million fair value of a contingent consideration receivable, related party, for future payments from Elusys Therapeutics upon the achievement by Elusys Therapeutics of certain financial goals. The gain on the transaction was approximately $1.5 million.

BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

Short-term investments. Short-term investments were $2.2 million as of December 31, 2023 compared to $35.8 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease is primarily due the sale of investments and transferring the cash to fund the Scorpius facility build-out, hiring of employees, validation of facility and processes, wind-down of North Carolina research and development, and other operations.

Grants receivable. Grants receivable was $0 million as of December 31, 2023, and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively. The $1.5 million balance represented the remaining balance of funds due from the CPRIT grant. Payment for the full balance was received in April 2023.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets. Prepaid expenses and other current assets were approximately $0.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The $0.7 million decrease is primarily attributable to costs related to the close-out process of our PTX-35 clinical trial.

Current assets of discontinued operations. As of December 31, 2022, we had current assets of discontinued operations of approximately $7.9 million. The current assets of discontinued operations are the assets of Elusys Therapeutics which was divested in December 2023.

Property, plant & equipment, net. Property, Plant and Equipment, net was approximately $17.6 million as of December 31, 2023, and $20.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease of $2.8 million is attributed to $4.6 million of depreciation of primarily lab equipment and leasehold improvements partially offset by additions of new lab equipment, computers, and leasehold improvement assets of $1.7 million supporting Scorpius.

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets. Current and long-term assets related to operating and finance leases were $26.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and $21.2 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $5.3 million primarily represents the CDMO microbial building lease taking effect in 2023. These balances are related to our Scorpius CDMO leases, corporate office lease, and equipment leases.

Other assets. Other assets were approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $0.1 million decrease relates to reimbursement of partial land improvement costs related to the proposed location of the Kansas facility for Scorpius.

Contingent earm-out receivable, related party. As of December 31, 2023, a contingent earn-out receivable, related party of $1.7 million represents the fair value of contingent future royalty payments from Elusys Holdings, Inc. on potential future sales generated by Elusys Therapeutics, Inc., as part of the divestiture agreement.

Non-current assets of discontinued operations. As of December 31, 2022, we had non-current assets of discontinued operations of $12.2 million. The non-current assets of discontinued operations are the assets of Elusys Therapeutics which was divested in December 2023.

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Accounts payable. Accounts payable was approximately $4.1 million and $4.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $0.1 million decrease is due to vendor payments mainly related to ongoing operations of the Scorpius facility.

Deferred revenue. Deferred revenue was $2.4 million and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. This increase of $0.8 million represents proceeds received for Scorpius contracts but for which costs have not been incurred or the conditions of the contracts not yet met.

Accrued expenses and other liabilities. Accrued expenses and other liabilities were approximately $2.2 million at December 31, 2023 compared to $1.9 million at December 31, 2022. The increase of $0.3 million is primarily due to validation and commissioning of the Scorpius facility, sale and marketing for Scorpius, and labor costs for hiring.

Current liabilities of discontinued operations. Current liabilities of discontinued operations was approximately $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The current liabilities of discontinued operations are the liabilities of Elusys Therapeutics which was divested in December 2023.

Operating and financing lease liabilities. Current and long-term liabilities related to operating and finance leases were $14.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and $9.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase of $4.7 million primarily represents the microbial building lease taking effect in 2023. These balances are related to our Scorpius facility lease, corporate office lease and equipment leases.

Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations. Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations was approximately $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The non-current liabilities of discontinued operations are the liabilities of Elusys Therapeutics which was divested in December 2023.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Current and Future Financing Needs

Since our inception in June 2008, we have incurred significant losses and we have financed our operations with net proceeds from the private placement of our preferred stock, common stock and debt and more recently the assignment of certain non-core assets pursuant to the terms of the Patent Agreement, the Note and the public offering of our common stock. Since our initial public offering, we have not generated significant revenue from operations and have primarily financed our operations with net proceeds from the public offering of our securities and to a lesser extent, the proceeds from the exercise of warrants. As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $254.4 million. We had net losses of $46.8 million and $43.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At April 26, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $1.4 million. Our current cash, including revenue generated from operations and the proceeds from the Patent Agreement, the Note and the Offering, is anticipated to be sufficient to fund operations only through May 15, 2024 and therefore we need to raise additional funds either through operations or financings.

We will need to raise additional capital. However, the actual amount of funds we will need to operate is subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include the following:

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We have based our estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong. We may need to obtain additional funds sooner or in greater amounts than we currently anticipate. Potential sources of financing include strategic relationships, public or private sales of our equity or debt and other sources. We may seek to access the public or private equity markets when conditions are favorable due to our long-term capital requirements. We do not have any committed sources of financing at this time, and it is uncertain whether additional funding will be available when we need it on terms that will be acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, until May 2025, due to the late filing of this Annual Report, we will not be eligible to make sales of securities utilizing a registration statement on Form S-3 and therefore we will be unable to sell shares of common stock through any at-the-market offering sales agreement. If we raise funds by selling additional shares of common stock or other securities convertible into common stock, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted. If we are not able to obtain financing when needed, we may be unable to carry out our business plan. As a result, we may have to significantly limit our operations and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially harmed. If we do not raise capital or successfully engage a strategic partner in the near term, we may be required to delay, reduce, or terminate some or all of our operations, sell some of our assets, cease operations, liquidate our assets or reorganize the Company, or a combination of the foregoing.

Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we would be forced to delay, our operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the financial statements are issued. To meet our capital needs, we are considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional equity financings, which include sales of our common stock under at-the-market offerings, if available, debt financings, equipment sales leasebacks, collaborations and other funding transactions. This is based on our current estimates, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.  As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $2.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and it may never do so. Management has determined that there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the consolidated financial statements are issued.

Cash Flows

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $31.5 million during the year December 31, 2023 compared to $5.7 million used during the same period in 2022. The increase of $25.8 million consisted of an additional net loss of $3.0 million and $30.6 million of changes in working capital, partially offset by an increase of $7.7 million in adjustments for non-cash items. The additional net loss of $3.0 million was primarily attributed to the increased CDMO operating costs supporting validation and commissioning of the facilities, hiring costs, and sales and marketing efforts. The changes in working capital of $30.6 million, consisted of a change in contract receivables of $24.5 million, a change in other assets of $12.6 million, a change in inventory of $6.7 million, a change in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and deferred revenue of $3.0 million, partially offset by a change in right-of-use assets of $11.9 million and a change in accounts receivable of $0.3 million, a change in prepaid expenses and other expenses of $2.6 million, a change in grant receivable of $1.7 million, a change in income tax receivable of $0.2 million, and a change in deposits of $0.1 million. The changes in adjustments for non-cash items of $7.7 million include goodwill and intangible impairments of $2.7 million, depreciation and amortization of $4.4 million, change in fair value of contingent consideration and warrants of $3.4 million, a change in deferred tax liability of $2.7 million, change in non-cash lease expense of $0.4 million, partially offset by change in stock based compensation of $1.5 million, change in unrealized loss on investments of $1.8 million, a change in payment of contingent consideration of $1.1 million, and a gain from discontinued operations of $1.5 million.

Investing activities. Net cash provided by investing activities was $32.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $11.0 million used during the same period in 2022. The increase of $21.2 million was primarily due to a reduction in purchases of equipment of $17.9 million, a reduction in contingent consideration payments of $22.8 million, partially offset by reduced net sales of short-term investments of $17.0 million, and non-recurring business acquisition payments, net of current year sale proceeds of $2.5 million.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $9.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $4.9 million used during the same period in 2022. The increase of $4.1 million was primarily due to an

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increase of $2.4 million of additional principal payments against finance leases and an increase in payments of contingent consideration of $1.7 million.

Item 7A.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable because we are a smaller reporting company.

Item 8.        Financial Statements and Supplemental Data

See pages F-1 through F-32.

Item 9.        Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

None.

Item 9A.      Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the direction and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and regulations, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide a reasonable level of assurance of reaching its desired disclosure control objectives.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer has concluded that, due to the material weaknesses described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2023.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. As defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer and implemented by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO Framework. Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of those controls. Our Chief Executive and Financial Officer concluded that as of such date, our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective.

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Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A material weakness (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our management concluded that the following material weaknesses existed as of December 31, 2023:

Remediation of Material Weaknesses

In order to remediate these material weaknesses, we will change certain control activities over financial reporting to include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) evaluating and implementing enhanced process controls around user access management and segregation of duties, (ii) expanding the documentation over user access and system controls and enhancing the level of evidence maintained in management review controls and (iii) enhancing the design of existing controls and are implementing new controls over the accounting, processing, and recording of income tax and revenue.

We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and implementing measures designed to help ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weaknesses are remediated as soon as possible.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses described above, management has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as described above, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.      Other Information

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 9C.     Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not Applicable.

PART III

Item 10.        Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Below is certain information regarding our directors and executive officers.

​

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Jeffrey Wolf, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President

Mr. Wolf has served as our Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President since our inception. He founded Heat Biologics in August 2008. Mr. Wolfe also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Elusys Holdings. Mr. Wolf served from June 1997 to March 2011, as managing director at Seed-One Ventures, LLC a venture firm focused on launching and growing exceptional healthcare companies from the ground up. Since founding Seed-One, Mr. Wolf has founded and run several biomedical companies. Mr. Wolf’s start-ups include Avigen, Inc., a gene therapy company where he was a co-founder and director; TyRx Pharma, a Princeton-based company focused on the development of bio-compatible polymers where he was a co-founder and Chairman and Elusys Therapeutics, where he was for several years a co-founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Generation One, a company focused on mobile-based collaborative care, where he was the founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Wolf received his M.B.A. from Stanford Business School, his J.D. from New York University School of Law and his B.A. from the University of Chicago, where he graduated with honors in Economics. Mr. Wolf serves as a director of several Seed-One portfolio companies and serves as a director of Theriva Biologics, Inc. (formerly known as Synthetic Biologics, Inc.), a clinical stage company developing therapeutics to protect the gut microbiome.

We selected Mr. Wolf to serve on our Board as our Chairman because he brings to the board extensive knowledge of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Having served in senior corporate positions in several biomedical companies, he has a vast knowledge of the industry and brings to the board significant executive leadership and operational experience. His business experience provides him with a broad understanding of the operational, financial and strategic issues facing public companies and his service on other public company boards provides him with extensive corporate governance knowledge.

William L. Ostrander, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

Mr. Ostrander currently serves as our Chief Financial Officer, a position he was appointed to on January 4, 2021 and has served as our Secretary since September 25, 2019 when he joined our company as Vice President of Finance. Mr. Ostrander also serves as the Chief Financial Officer of Elusys Holdings. Mr. Ostrander has over 22 years of experience in financial management at public and private companies. From November 2014 until joining our company, Mr. Ostrander served as Executive Director of Finance at Liquidia Technologies, Corporation, a publicly-traded biopharmaceutical company. Prior to that, he served as Senior Director of Finance and Accounting at KBI Biopharma, a biopharmaceutical contract services

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company. He also served as Manager of Finance at LexisNexis Risk Solutions, a data analytics solutions company. Prior to that, he served as Controller of Seisint Inc., a private information products company that was acquired by LexisNexis. He also served as Senior Manager, Finance and held other accounting and finance positions for Boca Research, a data communications hardware manufacturer. Mr. Ostrander holds a B.S. in Finance from Central Michigan University.

John Monahan, Ph.D., Director

Dr. Monahan has served on our Board of Directors since November 2009. Dr. Monahan co-founded Avigen Inc. in 1992, a pharmaceutical company. Over a 12 year period as CEO of Avigen he raised over $235 million in several private and public financings including its IPO. From 1989 to 1992, he was VP of R&D at Somatix Therapy Corp., and from 1985 to 1989 he was Director of Molecular & Cell Biology at Triton Biosciences Inc. Prior to that, from 1982 to 1985, he was Research Group Chief, Department of Molecular Genetics, Hoffmann-LaRoche AG. and from 1975 to 1977 he was an instructor at Baylor College of Medicine located in Houston, Texas. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1974 from McMaster University in Canada and his B.Sc. from University College in Dublin, Ireland in 1969. Dr. Monahan is a Scientific Advisory Board member of Agilis Biotherapeutics, LLC. Dr. Monahan currently is a board member of Theriva Biologics, Inc., and served as a scientific advisory consultant to Theriva Biologics, Inc. (formerly known as Synthetic Biologics, Inc.) from 2015 to November 10, 2020, prior to his appointment as a board member, and from 2010 through 2015 he was the Senior Executive Vice President of Research & Development at Theriva Biologics, Inc. He is also a board member of a number of Irish biotech companies including Genable Technologies Ltd., Cellix Ltd., Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., and GK Technologies, Inc. and from August 2016 until May 2021, also was a board member of Anixa Biosciences, Inc. (formerly ITUS Corporation).

We selected Dr. Monahan to serve on our Board because he brings extensive knowledge of the pharmaceutical and biologics industry. Having served in senior corporate positions in many medical companies he has a vast knowledge of the industry.

John K. A. Prendergast, Ph.D., Lead Director

Dr. Prendergast has served on our Board since April 2016. Dr. Prendergast is co-founder of Palatin Technologies, Inc. (“Palatin”), a biopharmaceutical company developing targeted, receptor-specific peptide therapeutics for the treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical need and commercial potential.  Dr. Prendergast has been Chairman of the Board of Palatin since June 14, 2000, and a director since August 1996. Dr. Prendergast has been president and sole stockholder of Summercloud Bay, Inc., an independent consulting firm providing services to the biotechnology industry, since 1993. He was previously a member of the board of the life science companies AVAX Technologies, Inc., Avigen, Inc. and MediciNova, Inc and previously executive chairman of the Board of Directors of Antyra, Inc., a privately-held biopharmaceutical firm. From October 1991 through December 1997, Dr. Prendergast was a managing director of The Castle Group Ltd., a medical venture capital firm. Dr. Prendergast received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia and a C.S.S. in administration and management from Harvard University.

We selected Dr. Prendergast to serve on our Board because he brings extensive industry experience in corporate development and finance in the life sciences field. His prior service on other publicly traded company boards provides experience relevant to good corporate governance practices.

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Edward B. Smith, III, Director

Mr. Smith has served on our Board since November 2010. Since January 1, 2015, Mr. Smith has also been Managing Member of Aristar Capital Management, LLC, a New York-based investment firm founded in 2015. From April 14, 2017 through July 14, 2017, Mr. Smith served as the interim Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer of Agritech Worldwide, Inc. (“Agritech,” formerly Z Trim Holdings, Inc.), a manufacturer of environmentally friendly agricultural functional ingredients. From January 2015 until May 2016, Mr. Smith also served as the Chief Executive Officer of Agritech and from 2009 through July 2017 he served as a board member of Agritech. From April 2005 through December 2014, Mr. Smith served as the Managing Partner of Brightline Capital Management, LLC (“BCM”), a New York-based investment firm founded in 2005. Prior to founding BCM, Mr. Smith worked at Gracie Capital from 2004-2005, GTCR Golder Rauner from 1999-2001 and Credit Suisse First Boston from 1997-1999. Mr. Smith holds a Bachelor of Arts in Social Studies from Harvard College and a Masters in Business Administration from Harvard Business School.

We selected Mr. Smith to serve on our Board because he brings a strong business background to our company, and adds significant strategic, business and financial experience. Mr. Smith’s business background provides him with a broad understanding of the issues facing us, the financial markets and the financing opportunities available to us. His past service on other public company boards provides him with extensive corporate governance knowledge and insight into issues faced by companies similar to ours.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The Board of Directors has a standing Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee. The following table shows the directors who are currently members or Chairman of each of these committees.

​

* Dr. Prendergast serves as our independent Lead Director.

Director Independence

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American. Under the rules of NYSE American, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company’s board of directors and all members of our audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees must be independent. Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Under the rules of the NYSE American, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

In order to be considered to be independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

Our Board undertook a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board has determined that Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith and Dr. Prendergast, representing three of our four directors, do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of the NYSE American. In making this determination, our Board considered the relationships that

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each non-employee director has with us and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. We intend to comply with the other independence requirements for committees within the time periods specified above.

Audit Committee

Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith, and Dr. Prendergast currently serve as members of the Audit Committee, with Mr. Smith serving as the chair. The Board has determined that Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith and Dr. Prendergast are each “independent” in accordance with the NYSE American definition of independence and each is an “audit committee financial expert”, as defined by the SEC regulations, and each has the related financial management expertise within the meaning of the NYSE American rules. The primary purpose of the Audit Committee is to act on behalf of the Board of Directors in its oversight of all material aspects of our accounting and financial reporting processes, internal controls and audit functions, including our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Pursuant to its charter, our Audit Committee reviews on an on-going basis for potential conflicts of interest, and approves if appropriate, all our “Related Party Transactions.” For purposes of the Audit Committee Charter, “Related Party Transactions” shall mean those transactions required to be disclosed pursuant to SEC Regulation S-K, Item 404. In addition, the Audit Committee reviews, acts on and reports to the Board of Directors with respect to various auditing and accounting matters, including the selection of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, the scope of the annual audits, fees to be paid to the independent registered public accounting firm, the performance of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the accounting practices of the Company and the Company’s internal controls and legal compliance functions. The Committee also reviews, prior to publication, our quarterly earnings releases and our reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Forms 10-K and 10-Q. The Audit Committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors, which is available on the Company’s website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com. The charter describes the nature and scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee.

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee is comprised of Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith, and Dr. Prendergast, each of whom is deemed to be independent in accordance with the NYSE American definition of independence. Dr. Monahan serves as the chair of the Compensation Committee. Members of the Compensation Committee must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. This Committee determines, approves, and reports to the Board of Directors on all elements of compensation of our executive officers. The Compensation Committee also has the power to prescribe, amend, and rescind rules relating to our stock incentive plans, to recommend the grant of options and other awards under the stock incentive plans, and to interpret the stock incentive plans.

Our Compensation Committee annually reviews the compensation program for our Chief Executive Officer and other members of senior management and then makes recommendations to the full board for determination. In each case, the Committee takes into account the results achieved by the executive, his or her future potential, and his or her scope of responsibilities and experience. During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Compensation Committee evaluated the performance of our executives and considered the compensation levels and equity programs at comparable companies and related industries and the analysis of its outside consultant before it made its compensation recommendations to the full board, including recommendations regarding salary increases, awards of cash bonuses and awards of stock options.

The Compensation Committee administers our equity incentive plans, including review and recommendation of long-term incentive compensation for each executive, director and employee, including grants of stock options. The Compensation Committee believes that this long-term incentive compensation aligns the interests of our executives with those of our stockholders and furthers executive retention.

The Compensation Committee also reviews and recommends to the Board of Directors appropriate director compensation programs for service as directors, committee chairs and committee members.

The Compensation Committee operates under a formal charter that governs its duties and standards of performance. A copy of the charter is available on our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com.

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Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Governance Committee is comprised of Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith, and Dr. Prendergast, with Mr. Smith serving as the chair.

The functions performed by the Nominating and Governance Committee include:

Candidates for director should have certain minimum qualifications, including the ability to understand basic financial statements, being over 21 years of age, having relevant business experience (taking into account the business experience of the other directors), and having high moral character. The Nominating and Governance Committee retains the right to modify these minimum qualifications from time to time.

In evaluating an incumbent director whose term of office is set to expire, the Nominating and Governance Committee reviews such director’s overall service to the Company during such director’s term, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance, and any transactions with the Company engaged in by such director during his term.

When selecting a new director nominee, the Nominating and Governance Committee first determines whether the nominee must be independent for NYSE American purposes or whether the candidate must qualify as an “audit committee financial expert.” The Nominating and Governance Committee then uses its network of contacts to compile a list of potential candidates, but may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm to assist in the identification of qualified director candidates. The Nominating and Governance Committee also will consider nominees recommended by our stockholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee does not distinguish between nominees recommended by our stockholders and those recommended by other parties. The Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates the suitability of potential nominees, taking into account the current board composition, including expertise, diversity and the balance of inside and independent directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee endeavors to establish a diversity of background and experience in a number of areas of core competency, including business judgment, management, accounting, finance, knowledge of our industry, strategic vision, research and development and other areas relevant to our business.

In considering any person recommended by one of our stockholders, the Nominating and Governance Committee will look for the same qualifications that it looks for in any other person that it is considering for a position on the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee operates under a formal charter that governs its duties and standards of performance. A copy of the charter is available on our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com.

Ad Hoc Committees

From time to time we establish ad hoc committees to address particular matters. In April 2023, we formed a special committee comprised of Dr. Monahan, Mr. Smith, and Dr. Prendergast to evaluate strategic opportunities.

Board Leadership Structure

Mr. Wolf, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors. We have a separate, independent Lead Director. Although we do not have a formal policy addressing the topic, we believe that when the Chairman of the Board is an employee of the Company or otherwise not independent, it is important to have a separate Lead Director, who is an independent director.

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Dr. Prendergast serves as the Lead Director. In that role, he presides over the Board’s executive sessions, during which our independent directors meet without management, and he serves as the principal liaison between management and the independent directors of the Board. The Lead Director also:

We believe the combination of Mr. Wolf as our Chairman of the Board and an independent director as our Lead Director is an effective structure for our company. The division of duties and the additional avenues of communication between the Board and our management associated with this structure provide the basis for the proper functioning of our Board and its oversight of management.

Risk Oversight

The Board has an active role, as a whole and also at the committee level, in overseeing management of our company’s risks. The Board regularly reviews information regarding our company’s strategy, finances and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of Company risks relating to accounting matters, financial reporting, internal controls and legal and regulatory compliance. The Audit Committee undertakes, at least annually, a review to evaluate these risks. The members then meet separately with management responsible for such area, including our Chief Financial Officer, and report to the Audit Committee on any matters identified during such discussions with management. In addition, the Compensation Committee considers risks related to the attraction and retention of talent as well as risks relating to the design of compensation programs and arrangements. In addition, the Nominating and Governance Committee manages risks associated with the independence of the Board. While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the entire Board is regularly informed through committee reports about such risks. The full Board considers strategic risks and opportunities and regularly receives detailed reports from the committees regarding risk oversight in their respective areas of responsibility.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have long maintained a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that is applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees. We undertake to provide a printed copy of these codes free of charge to any person who requests. Any such request should be sent to our principal executive offices attention: Corporate Secretary. The Code is posted on our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com. We intend to disclose any changes in or waivers from the Code on our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com. The information on the website is not and should not be considered part of this Annual Report and is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.

Item 11.        Executive Compensation

We are a “smaller reporting company” and the following compensation disclosure is intended to comply with the requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies. Although the rules allow us to provide less detail about our executive compensation program, the Compensation Committee is committed to providing the information necessary to help stockholders understand its executive compensation-related decisions. Accordingly, this section includes supplemental narratives that describe the 2022 executive compensation program for our named executive officers.

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Set forth below is the compensation paid or accrued to our Named Executive Officers during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Summary Compensation Table

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Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

Overview of Our Compensation Program

A. Philosophy and Objectives

Our primary objective with respect to executive compensation is to design compensation programs that will align executives’ compensation with our overall business strategies for the creation of stockholder value and attract, motivate and retain highly qualified executives.

Our executive compensation program is based on the following philosophies and objectives:

We seek to achieve these objectives through three key compensation elements:

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In order to enhance the Compensation Committee’s ability to carry out its responsibilities effectively, as well as maintain strong links between executive pay and performance, the Compensation Committee reviews compensation information for each Named Executive Officer, which includes the following information:

B. Compensation Administration

Roles and Responsibilities of the Compensation Committee

The primary purpose of the Compensation Committee is to conduct reviews of our general executive compensation policies and strategies and oversee and evaluate our overall compensation structure and programs. The Compensation Committee confirmed that total compensation paid to our Named Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 2023, in light of our cash restraints and available equity awards was reasonable and competitive. The following were our Named Executive Officers for the year ended December 31, 2023: Jeffrey Wolf, our Chief Executive Officer and William L. Ostrander, our Chief Financial Officer (collectively, our “Named Executive Officers”). Responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include, but are not limited to:

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Additional information regarding the Compensation Committee’s responsibilities is set forth in its charter, which is posted on our website at www.scorpiusbiologics.com.

Use of Compensation Consultant

The Compensation Committee has the authority under its charter to retain compensation consultants to assist in carrying out its responsibilities. The Compensation Committee has from time to time retained consultants to provide independent advice on executive officer and director compensation.  In December 2022, the Compensation Committee retained Meridian Compensation Partners, LLC (“Meridian”) as its independent compensation advisor. Meridian report to the Chairman of the Compensation Committee and had direct access to the other members of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee assessed the independence of Meridian pursuant to SEC rules and in accordance with NYSE American listing standards, noting that Meridian does not provide any services to the Company other than advice to the Compensation Committee regarding executive officer and director compensation, and concluded that no conflict of interest exists.

During 2022, Meridian principally provided analysis, advice and recommendations regarding named executive officer and non-employee director compensation. Meridian conducted a comprehensive assessment of our Named Executive Officer’s pay program relative to a peer group of 17 similarly-situated public companies that were pre-revenue cancer therapeutics companies with market capitalizations between $150 million and $1.6 billion. The elements of the Named Executive Officer’s pay programs assessed against peer group practices included: (1) base salary, (2) target annual incentives (bonuses), (3) target total cash compensation, (4) long-term incentives and (5) target total direct compensation. In addition, Meridian also provided an analysis of our pay mix relative to peer group practices. Meridian’s assessment included our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In 2022, the Compensation Committee evaluated Meridian’s reports and, as they considered appropriate to achieve the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, made determinations related to 2022 cash bonuses and long-term equity awards based, in part, on Meridian’s reports.

The Compensation Committee set base salaries in December 2022, in part, on Meridian’s 2022 advice. The Compensation Committee did not retain Meridian or any other outside compensation consultant during 2023 as a decision was made not to pay cash bonuses or issue long-term equity awards.

Role of the Chief Executive Officer

Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Wolf, makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding the compensation of our other named executive officers. Mr. Wolf does not participate in any discussions or processes concerning his own compensation.

Compensation Committee Consideration of Shareholder Advisory Votes

Based upon the vote of the Company’s shareholders at the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company currently provides its shareholders with the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on executive compensation (a “say-on-pay proposal”) once every three (3) years. At our annual meeting of stockholders held on September 15, 2022, we submitted our executive compensation program that covers our Named Executive Officers to our stockholders for a nonbinding advisory vote. Our executive compensation program did not receive the support of holders of a majority of the shares that voted on this proposal at the annual meeting of stockholders. In response to the vote, with respect to 2022 compensation, we did not grant Mr. Wolf shares of restricted stock which in prior years resulted in a tax being required to be paid upon grant and resulted in a special bonus being granted to Mr. Wolf to cover taxes and instead we granted him options, which are not taxed upon grant and therefore we did not issue a special bonus to cover taxes. In 2023, the Company determined not to (i) pay cash bonuses in light of cash restraints or (ii) issue long-term equity awards due to the limited number of shares available for issuance under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.

C. Competitive Considerations

In making compensation decisions with respect to each element of compensation for our Named Executive Officers, the Compensation Committee believes that it is important to be informed as to the competitive market practices at similarly

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situated public companies. In setting 2022 target total direct compensation levels for our Named Executive Officers, the Compensation Committee relied in part on reports prepared by Meridian effective December 7, 2022. The Compensation Committee set 2023 base salary based, in part, on Meridian’s 2022 advice. In 2023, the Compensation Committee determined not to pay any cash bonuses or issue long-term equity awards.

D. Components of Compensation

The allocation between cash and non-cash named executive officer compensation is influenced by subjective and objective factors considered by the Compensation Committee and is intended to reflect the Compensation Committee’s determination of the appropriate compensation mix among base pay, annual cash incentives and long-term equity incentives for each Named Executive Officers.

1. Base Salaries

We provide our Named Executive Officers a competitive level base salary commensurate with their position, responsibilities and experience. In setting the base salary, the Compensation Committee considers a number of factors including, peer group market data, our company performance, our financial resources, and each Named Executive Officer’s role and responsibilities, experience and individual performance. We design base pay to be competitive in attracting and retaining top talent.

Initial base salaries for the Named Executive Officers were set by their initial respective employment contracts and are reviewed annually by the Compensation Committee. In December 2022, the Compensation Committee reviewed Meridian’s reports and determined to increase base salary for our Chief Executive Officer based solely on a cost of living adjustment.  In December 2022, the Compensation Committee determined that our Chief Financial Officer’s base salary levels were below market practice of our peer group; therefore his base salary was increased to $375,000. There have been no additional increases in base salary. The base salaries for our current Named Executive Officers for 2022, 2023, and 2024 are set forth below:

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2. Bonuses

Each of our Named Executive Officer’s employment agreements provide that such officer is eligible for an annual cash bonus in the discretion of the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to award a cash bonus, the Compensation Committee considers the Company’s performance during the year and the executive’s contribution thereto. Focusing on oindividual performance enables the Compensation Committee to differentiate among executives and emphasize the link between personal performance and compensation.

For 2023, the Compensation Committee determined not to pay any bonuses to our Named Executive Officers due to cash restraints. For 2022, the Compensation Committee recommended to the full Board of Directors the following bonus payouts to our Named Executive Officers:

The employment agreement with Jeffrey Wolf that was in effect during 2022 and 2023 provided that he was eligible for a cash performance bonus of up to fifty percent (50%) of his base salary which was increased to fifty five (55%) in December 2022 in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, with the actual amount of any such bonus increased or decreased in

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the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. William L. Ostrander’s employment agreement that was in effect for 2022 and 2023 provided for an annual bonus of up to thirty-five percent (35%) of his base salary which was increased to forty (40%) in December 2022 in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors, with the actual amount of any such bonus increased or decreased in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors.

3. Long-Term Incentives

Our Compensation Committee believes that equity awards are a key component of our executive compensation program. Long-term equity awards incentivize executives to deliver long-term shareholder value, while also providing a retention vehicle for our executives.

In 2023, it was determined that no equity-based compensation would be issued to the Named Executive Officers based upon the limited number of awards available for grant under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan. We intend to solicit stockholder approval to increase the number of shares available for issuance under our 2018 Stock Incentive Plan. Assuming we obtain such shareholder approval, we intend to issue equity awards for 2023 performance.

In 2022 the Compensation Committee determined the size of equity awards granted to the Named Executive Officers based on the following factors: accounting impact, peer group market data, our company performance and each Named Executive Officer’s position, role and responsibilities, experience, tenure, individual performance and pro forma percent ownership. In addition, the Compensation Committee considered that there was a lack of realizable value from their prior awards since substantially all of the prior awards were of significant low value and/or underwater or held low value. The Compensation Committee also sought to better align the Chief Executive Officer’s equity ownership interest in our company with that of other chief executive officers of our peer group companies. The Compensation Committee determined in December 2022 to grant a combination of options to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.

On December 7, 2022, Mr. Wolf and Mr. Ostrander were granted a ten-year option to purchase 2,843,137 and 490,196 shares of our common stock respectively of which one third vests on January 2023 and the balance vests pro-rata over 36 months.

On August 2, 2021, the Board of Directors adopted the Heat Biologics, Inc. 2021 Subsidiaries Stock Incentive Plan (the “SSIP”). The SSIP is designed to compensate employees of our subsidiaries based on their responsibilities and for their contributions to the successful achievement of certain corporate goals and objectives of such subsidiaries and to share the success and risks of such subsidiaries based upon achievement of business goals.  In addition, in August we issued to Mr. Wolf options under the SSIP to purchase 10,526, 10,638, 10,526 and 10,526 shares of common stock of Skunkworx, Scorpius, Abacus, and Blackhawk, respectively and we issued Mr. Ostrander 2,127 shares of common stock of Scorpius, all subject to forfeiture if the Subsidiary Plan was not approved by our stockholders at our annual meeting so stockholders.  At our Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 15, 2021, the SSIP was approved by our stockholders. Skunkworx, Scorpius, Abacus, and Blackhawk currently have 200,100, 200,100, 200,000 and 200,000 shares outstanding, respectively.

The Compensation Committee does not seek to time equity grants to take advantage of information, either positive or negative, about our company that has not been publicly disclosed. Option grants are effective on the date the award determination is made by the Compensation Committee, and the exercise price of options is the closing market price of our common stock on the business day of the grant or, if the grant is made on a weekend or holiday, on the prior business day.

Clawback Policy

The Board has adopted a clawback policy which requires the clawback of erroneously awarded incentive-based compensation of past or current executive officers awarded during the three full fiscal years preceding the date on which the issuer is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the federal securities laws. There is no fault or misconduct required to trigger a clawback.

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The Compensation Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, the timing and method for promptly recouping such erroneously awarded compensation, which may include without limitation: (a) seeking reimbursement of all or part of any cash or equity-based award, (b) cancelling prior cash or equity-based awards, whether vested or unvested or paid or unpaid, (c) cancelling or offsetting against any planned future cash or equity-based awards, (d) forfeiture of deferred compensation, subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, and (e) any other method authorized by applicable law or contract. Subject to compliance with any applicable law, the Compensation Committee may affect recovery under this policy from any amount otherwise payable to the executive officer, including amounts payable to such individual under any otherwise applicable Company plan or program, including base salary, bonuses or commissions and compensation previously deferred by the executive officer.

The Compensation Committee does not seek to time equity grants to take advantage of information, either positive or negative, about our company that has not been publicly disclosed. Option grants are effective on the date the award determination is made by the Compensation Committee, and the exercise price of options is the closing market price of our common stock on the business day of the grant or, if the grant is made on a weekend or holiday, on the prior business day.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End (December 31, 2023)

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